46 



ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



Lindman, ■ Bidrag till Kanned. om Skandin. Fjellvaxt. Blomn. o. Befrukt.' ; Warming-, 

 ' Bestovningsmaade,' pp. 6-7, Bot. Tids., Kjobenhavn, xv, 1885; Herm. Miiller, 

 ' Alpenblumen,' pp. 171-2, 377-8.) — In this species an insect, when inserting its 

 head or proboscis between the ovary and stamens in order to reach the nectar, 

 will touch the pollen-covered inner surfaces of the anthers with one side and the 

 stigma with the other side, and flying from flower to flower will effect crossing, 

 which is also favoured by the slight protogyny of the species. Automatic self- 

 pollination can also no doubt take place, during bad weather, in flowers which close 

 or have not yet opened. Kerner states that the stamens bend towards the stigma 



and bring this about, also 

 that the plant may be 

 pseudo-cleistogamous in 

 bad weather. Lindman 

 on the Dovrefjeld also 

 noticed self-pollination by 

 bending of the stamens 

 towards the stigma. There, 

 as in Greenland, Finmark, 

 and Nordland, the flowers 

 are at first feebly proto- 

 gynous, and then homo- 

 gamous. Warming noticed 

 that in the three localities 

 mentioned the anthers are 

 situated nearer the stigma 

 than in alpine habitats, 

 and are frequently in 

 actual contact with it. 

 Automatic self-pollination 

 consequently predomi- 

 nates, and appears to 

 be eff"ective. Ekstam de- 

 scribes the flowers as 

 homogamous in the Swedish Highlands. Ricca, on the other hand, in the Val 

 Camonica, found the flowers to be so strongly protogynous that the stigmas were 

 usually completely dried up before the anthers dehisced. 



Greenland specimens collected by Vanhoffen and von Drygalski possessed 

 extremely small flowers only 5-6 mm. in diameter, and feebly protandrous (Abromeit, 

 'Bot. Ergeb. von Drygalski's Gronlandsexped.,' p. 49). 



VisnoRS. — The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 



stated. — 



Herm. Miiller (Alps), 3 flies, 2 humble-bees, and 5 Lepidoptera ('Alpenblumen,' 

 p. 378); also 7 flies, 2 humble-bees, an ant, and 5 Lepidoptera (op. cit., p. 172). 

 Warming (Greenland), small flies. Wormskjold (Greenland), Lepidoptera. 



Fig. -'28. Azalcn procztjnbens, L. (after Henn. Mfiller). A. A flower 

 in tlie Ijrst (female) stage. B. Do., partly dissected. C- .\ flower in the 

 second (hermaphrodite) stage. D. Do., in tlie tliird (male) stage, a, an- 

 thers; ;;, nectaries; <3t', ovary; p, petals; s, sepals. 



