8o ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



because of the position of the stigma. In C. ibericum Goldie and C. Coum Mill. 

 the dehisced pollen is held fast by a protective circlet above the stigma. Club- 

 shaped hairs at the base of the ovary appear to serve as food for insects. 



1838. C. europaeum L. (Kerner, 'Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. i, II, pp. 379.) — 

 On the first day of anthesis the peduncle of this species is bent almost at right 

 angles. The angle subsequently increases about 10° a day, so that towards the 

 end of anthesis the short downwardly bent terminal part of the peduncle and the 

 long upright basal part are nearly parallel. It follows that autogamy is at first 

 impossible, but crossing can be brought about by insect visitors, for the stigma 

 projects to some extent beyond the anthers. The bending of the peduncle at 

 last renders automatic self-pollination possible by bringing the stigma into the 

 line of fall of the pollen. Coulter observed cleistogamous flowers (Bot. Gaz., 

 Chicago (III), viii, 1883, pp. 211-12). 



1839. C. latifolium Sibth. et Sm. (=C. persicum Mill.). (Ascherson, Ber. D. 

 bot. Ges., Berlin, x, 1892, pp. 226-35.) — The flower mechanism of this species 

 agrees entirely with that of C. europaeum. Darwin describes the flowers as 

 self-sterile. 



Visitors. — Hildebrand observed numerous honey-bees in the Freiburg Botanic 

 Garden, po-cltg. and apparently skg. ; also a small humble-bee, po-cltg., and 

 Xylocopa violacea L., as a casual visitor. 



1840. C.hederaefolium Ait.( = C. repandum Sibth. et Sm.). (Knuth,'Blutenbiol. 

 Beob. a. d. Ins. Capri,' pp. 10-13.) — The flower mechanism of this species agrees 

 with that of C. europaeum. The reflexed corolla-lobes surround the opening of 

 the flower (5 mm. wide), from which the style with its small stigma projects 

 2-3 mm. The five stamens are enclosed in the almost hemispherical corolla- 

 tube, and converge to form a cone which closely surrounds the base of the 

 style. 



Visitors. — Hildebrand observed Apis and Bombus sp., skg., in the Freiburg 

 Botanic Garden. This conspicuous species is common below Monte St. Michele 

 on the east coast of Capri, but I observed no visitors on its faintly fragrant flowers. 



1841. C. ibericum Goldie. — 



Visitors. — Hildebrand observed Apis, po-cltg., in the Freiburg Botanic Garden. 



1842. C. neapolitanum Tenore (Knuth, op. cit.). — The flower mechanism 

 of this species is the same as that of C. europaeum. 



551. Samolus L. 



1843. S. Valerandi L. (MacLeod, Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, v, 1893, 

 p. 447; Schulz, ' Beitrage,' T, p. 89; Kerner, 'Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. i, II, 

 p. 341 ; Knutb, ' Bloemenbiol. Bijdragen.') — Plants of this species which I examined 

 in Schleswig-Holstein agreed as to their flower mechanism with others examined by 

 MacLeod in Belgium. The corolla-tube is only i| mm. deep and encloses the 

 ovary, which bears a ring resembling a nectary in shape and position, but secreting 

 no nectar. The anthers are at the same level in the corolla-tube as the stigma, 

 which matures simultaneously. As they converge towards the latter and dehisce 



