82 ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



Miiller describes the strongly odorous white flowers of this species as possessing 

 a corolla-tube scarcely 3 mm. long and expanding above into a four- or rarely 

 five-lobed limb. The bilobed stigma is situated in the entrance to the flower, 

 while the two or rarely three stamens project freely from it. The anthers 

 dehisce laterally, but so widely that their inner surfaces are entirely covered with 

 pollen. The position of the anthers as regards the stigma is variable. Sometimes 

 they diverge widely, so that an insect visitor usually touches an anther with one 

 side of its body and the stigma with the other, thus effecting crossing : sometimes 

 they bend over the stigma, so that insect-visits can easily bring about autogamy, 

 which can also readily take place automatically. 



Fig. 251. Ligusirum vulgare, L. (after Herm. MUller). (i) Flower seen obliquely from above. 

 (2) A flower less widely open, seen directly from above. (3) and (4) Flowers seen from the side after 

 removal of half the corolla. ( x 3^.) 



Visitors.— Herm. MuUer (H. M.) in Westphalia and Thuringia (T.), and 

 Buddeberg (Budd.) in Nassau, observed the following. — 



A. Coleoptera. (a) Cerambycidae: i. Cerambyx cerdo L. (should be Scop.'), 

 often creeping in the flowers, but taking nothing from them (Budd.). (i5) Chridae: 



2. Trichodes apiariusZ., burying its head among the flowers (Budd.). (f) Nitidulidae: 



3. Cercus pedicularius Z., skg. (H. M.). (</ ) Scarabaeidae : 4. Cetonia aurata Z., 

 gnawing the flowers (H, M., T., Budd.). B. Diptera. ia) Empidae : 5. Empis livida 

 Z., freq., skg. (H. M.). (b) Syrphidae: 6. Eristalis arbustorum Z., skg. (H. M., T.); 

 7. E. nemorum Z., do. (H. M.). C. Hymenoptera. Apidae: 8. Apis mellifica Z. 

 5, skg. (H. M., T.) ; 9. Heriades truncorum Z., do. (H. M.) ; 10. Nomada succincta 

 Pz. 5, do. (H. M., T.). D. Lepidoptera. All skg. (a) Pyralidae: 11. Scoparia 

 ambigualis Tr. (Budd.). (3) Rhopalocera : 12. Coenonympha arcania Z. (H. M., T.) ; 

 13. C. pamphilus Z. (H. M., T.) ; 14. Epinephele janira Z. (H. M., T.) ; 15. Melitaea 

 athalia £sp. (H. M., T.); 16. Thecla pruni Z. (H. M., T., Budd.). {c) Sphingidae: 

 17. Sesia asiliformis Rott. $ (H. M., T.). 



The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities stated. — 



Knuth (Fohr), 6 hover-flies, 2 Lepidoptera, and 2 Muscids : (Rijgen), the 

 humble-bee Bombus terrester Z. 5> skg. Rossler (Wiesbaden), 3 Lepidoptera — 

 I. Limenitis Camilla S.V.; 2. Doloploca punctulana S.V.; 3. Aedia funesta Esp. 

 Schletterer (Tyrol), the bee Andrena carbonaria Z. MacLeod (Flanders), small flies 

 and the beetle Meligethes (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, vi, 1894, p. 372). Loew 

 (Berlin Botanic Garden), a Syrphid (Eristalis nemorum Z.) and a bee (Apis mellifica 

 Z. 5, skg.). 



554. Phillyrea L. 



Kerner states that the species of this genus are protogynous. 



1846. P. latifolia L.— 



Visitors. — Schletterer observed the carpenter-bee Xylocopa violaca Z. at Pola. 



