lOO 



ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



2. Species with nectar secreted by the base of the ovary, and a bell-shaped 

 corolla adapted to humble-bees (humble-bee flowers; sub -genus Coelanthe) : 

 G. purpurea Z., G. pannonica Scop., *G. punctata L., G. cruciata Z., *G. ascle- 

 piadea Z., G. Pneumonanthe Z., G. Froelichii Jan., G. frigida Haenke, G. acaulis Z. 



3. Species with nectar secreted by the base of the ovary, and with the broad 

 disk-shaped stigma so closely surrounded by the long tubular corolla that only 

 long-tongued Lepidoptera can suck conveniently (Lepidopterid flowers; sub-genus 

 Cyclostigma) : *G. bavarica Z., *G. verna Z., G. imbricata Froel., G. pumila Jacq., 

 G. utriculosa Z., *G. nivalis Z. 



4. Flowers adapted to pollination by humble-bees, and with nectar secreted by 

 the lowest part of the corolla (humble-bee flowers; sub-genus Crossopetalum) ; 

 *G. ciliata. 



5. Species adapted to pollination by humble-bees and Lepidoptera, and with 

 nectar secreted as in 4 (humble-bee and Lepidopterid flowers ; sub-genus Endotricha) ; 



*G. campestris Z., G. germanica Willd., G. 

 AmarellaZ.,*G.obtusifolia Willd., *G.tenella 

 Roith., *G. nana Wulf. 



The species in the above list to which 

 an asterisk (*) is prefixed have been de- 

 scribed in a masterly way by Hermann 

 MuUer in his ' Alpenblumen.' I would 

 refer the student to his accounts, and in 

 what follows add some of Miiller's earlier 

 observations, as well as those of other 

 investigators. 



Kerner applies the term ' revolver 

 flowers ' to the blossoms of many species 

 (e.g. G. acaulis Z., G. angustifolia Michx.. 

 and G. Clusii Perr. et Song.) on account 

 of their narrow tubular nectar-passages. 

 {Cf. the note on Convolvulus.) 



1894. G. lutea L. (Herm. Miiller, 

 'Alpenblumen,' pp. 329-30.) — The yellow homogamous flowers of this species 

 secrete exposed nectar, and automatic self-pollination is possible. 



Visitors. — Herm. Miiller observed 3 beetles, 14 flies, 6 Hymenoptera, and 

 2 Lepidoptera. 



1895. G. punctata L. (Herm. Miiller, op. cit., pp. 330-2.) — This species 

 bears protogynous humble-bee flowers, yellow in colour, with black punctalions. 

 Automatic self-pollination is generally excluded. Kerner describes the flowers 

 as protandrous. 



Visitors. — Herm. Miiller observed 2 beetles, 2 flies, 7 Hymenoptera (including 

 5 humble-bees), and 3 Lepidoptera. Crossing is effected by humble-bees only. 



1896. G. purpurea L. (Kirchner, 'Beitrage,' pp. 47-9.) — Kirchner says 

 that the flower mechanism of this species agrees essentially with that of G. punctata, 

 the blossoms being feebly protogynous humble-bee flowers. They are strongly 



Fig. 260. Gejttiatta lutea.L. (from Herm. Miiller's 

 'Alpenblumen'). .A. Oblique view of fully expanded 

 flower. B. Bases of the pistil and two stamens, 

 a, anther ; fi, filament ; w, nectary ; ov, ovary ; /, 

 petal ; j, sepal ; st, stigma. 



