GENTIANEAE 



105 



observed the anthers and stigma bound together by pollen-tubes. Kerner states 

 that the flowers open and close several times in the course of an hour. 



1910. G. tenella Rottb. (=G. glacialis Vill.). (Herm. Miiller, op. cit., p. 345 ; 

 Kirchner, ' Beitrage,' p. 49; Warming, 'Arkt. Vaxt. Biol.,' p. 9.) — This species 

 bears feebly protogynous (according to Kirchner homogamous) humble-bee and 

 Lepidopterid flowers, in which automatic self-pollination regularly takes place towards 

 the end of anthesis. Kerner says that it may be effected pseudo-cleistogamously in 

 unfavourable weather, when the flowers remain closed. He adds that the fringes of 

 the valves projecting from the throat of the corolla-tube are beset with minute 

 prickles, which prevent insects from inserting their proboscis except into the nectar- 

 passages. Warming describes autogamy for plants from the Dovrefjeld. 



1911. G. nana Wulf. (=G. tenella RoUb., according to the Index Kewensis). 

 (Herm. Miiller, op. cit., pp. 345-6 ; Kerner, ' Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. i, II, p. 248.) 

 — This species bears homogamous humble-bee and Lepidopterid flowers, in which 

 automatic self-pollination regularly takes place towards the end of anthesis. Kerner 

 describes the fringed valves of the throat of the corolla-tube as corresponding to 

 those of G. tenella. 



Fig. 264. Gentiana yiana^ I^'m//^ (from Herin. Miiller's ' Alpenbiumen 'j, A. Flower seen directly 

 (rotn above. B. Do., partly dissected from the side. C. Part of corolla, seen from within, a, anthers; 

 £0, corolla; 7?", filaments; n, nectary; otj^ ovary; st^ stigma. 



1912. G. aurea L. ( = G. involucrata Rotili.). (Warming, 'Arkt. Vaxt. Biol.,' 

 pp. 10-12.) — This species bears humble-bee and Lepidopterid flowers. Warming 

 describes it as protandrous in Finmark and at Tromso, though automatic self- 

 pollination takes place in the second stage of anthesis by contact of the anthers 

 (to which some pollen still clings) with the stigma. 



1913. G. detorsa Rottb. (= G. serrata Gunner). — Aurivillius says that in 

 Greenland the flowers of this species are adapted to Lepidoptera, and perhaps also 

 to humble-bees. 



1914. G. campestris L. (Herm. Miiller, ' Alpenblumen,' pp. 346-8 ; Schulz, 

 'Beitrage,' II, pp. 107, 214; Lindman, 'Bidrag till Kanned. cm skandin. Fjellvaxt. 



