BORAGINEAE 123 



short inwardly directed hairy projections, rendering access to the nectar still more 

 diflScult. A bee which inserts its proboscis into the entrance of the flower touches 

 the dilated stigma with one side of this organ and the anthers with the other, so that 

 during further visits it can easily effect cross-pollination. {C/. Lithospermum.) The 

 stigma is in the middle of the anthers, so that automatic self-pollination is inevitable 

 should insect-visits fail. 



Visitors. — Loew observed the honey-bee, skg., as a particularly frequent visitor 

 in the Berlin Botanic Garden, so that the flowers can undoubtedly be referred to 

 class Hb ; the bees Osmia rufa Z., and Halictus cylindricus I^. }. A butterfly 

 ( Pieris brassicae Z.) was also seen, inserting its proboscis into the bases of the flowers. 



1970. A. ochroleuca Bieb. (Loew, Ber. D. bot. Ges., Berlin, iv, 1886, 

 pp. 162-3.) — The flower mechanism of this species agrees essentially with that of 

 A. officinalis. 



Visitors. — Loew observed the following 7 bees in the Berlin Botanic Garden, 

 partly skg., partly po-cltg. — 



I. Apis mellifica Z. 5, skg. ; 2. Bombus agrorum F. 5, do. ; 3. B. hortorum Z. 

 5, do.; 4. B. lapidarius Z. 5, do.; 5. B. pratorum Z. 5, do. ; 6. Osmia rufa Z. S, do. ; 

 7. Prosopis armiUata Nyl. $, po-dvg. 



1971. A. italica Retz. (=A. paniculata Ail). 



Visitors. — Schletterer and von Dalia Torre record 4 bees for the Tyrol. — 



I. Andrena thoracica F. ^\ 2. Megachile muraria Z. 5 ; 3. Osmia rufa Z. 5, 

 very common ; 4. Prosopis bipunctala F. 



607. Lycopsis L. 



As Anchusa, but corolla-lube bent in the middle. 



1972. L. arvensis L. ( = Anchusa arvensis Bieb.). (Herm. Miiller, ' Fertilisation,' 

 pp. 4n, ' Weit. Beob.,' Ill, p. 16 ; Kirchner, 'Flora v. Stuttgart,' p. 555; MacLeod, 

 Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, v, 1893, p. 331 ; Knuth, 'Bl.u. Insekt. a. d. nordfr. Ins.,' 

 pp. 107, 164.) — The flower mechanism of this species agrees with that of Anchusa 

 officinalis (chief type) as regards — secretion and concealment of nectar ; nectar- 

 guides and nectar-covers ; promotion of cross-pollination during insect-visits by 

 projection of the stigma beyond the anthers ; and the possibility of automatic 

 self-pollination towards the end of anthesis by fall of the corolla, causing the anthers 

 to be drawn over the stigma. 



Visitors. — Heinsius observed the following in Holland. — 



A. Hymenoptera. Apidae: i. Bombus agrorum F. 5 and j, numerous; 

 2. B. hortorum Z. 5 ; 3. B. lapidarius Z. 5; 4. B. rajeUus K.; 5. B. scrimshiranus 

 K. 5 ; 6. Megachile maritima K. S ; 7. Melecta luctuosa Scop. J ; 8. Psithyrus 

 barbutellus K. i; 9. P. campestris Pz. S; 10. P. rupestris F. t; 11. P. vestalis 

 Fourcr. S. B. Lepidoptera. Rhopalocera: 12. Hesperia lineola 0. t>; 13. H. 

 thaumas H/n. S and $; 14. Pararge megaera Z. S ; 15. Pieris brassicae Z. 5; 

 i6. P. rapae Z. 5; 17. Vanessa urticae Z. (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, iv, 1892). 



Knuth (Rom) only noticed a hover-fly (Helophilus pendulus Z.), skg., and 

 Herm. Miiller (Thuringia) a butterfly (Hesperia thaumas Hfn), skg. 



