i38 ANGIOSPERMAE— DICOTYLEDON ES 



2000. M. maritima S. F. Gray ( = Stenhammeria maritima Reichb.). — 

 Warming (' Bestovningsmaade,' pp. 5-6) slates that the flowers of this species are 

 smaller in Greenland than Norway. The anthers being at the same level as the 

 stigma automatic self-pollination regularly takes place. 



The var. tenella Th. Fr. was observed in Spitzbergen by Andersson and 

 Hesselman (' Bidrag till Kanned. om Spetsbergens o. Beeren Eil. Karlvaxtflora,' 

 p. 17), as well as by Ekstam (' Bliitenbiol. Beob. a. Spitzbergen/ p. 8). The 

 odourless flowers are red in the bud, afterwards assuming a blue colour ; being 

 homogamous self-pollination is facilitated. The nectar secreted by the hypogynous 

 disk is only protected by slight involutions of the corolla. Many flowers had 

 completed their anthesis by July 13 (1897), and ripe fruits were met with (by 

 Ekstam) on August 8. In Greenland (Sermitdlet Fjord) fruits were observed to 

 be set as early as July 7 (1892) (Abromeit, 'Bot. Ergeb. von Drygalski's Gronlands- 

 exped.,' pp. 46-7). 



Visitors. — Ekstam (op. cit.) observed none in Spitzbergen. 



2001. M. pulmonarioides Roth (=M. virginicaZi'n.4). (Loew, 'Beitrage,' II, 

 pp. 54-6.) — This is a North American species. 



Visitors. — Loew (Berlin Botanic Garden) observed the bee Anthophora pilipes 

 F. J, skg. legitimately, and small bees (Halictus nitidiusculus AT.) po-cltg. 



616. Myosotis Dill. 



Flowers homogamous, generally blue in colour, seldom pink or white; with 

 concealed nectar secreted by the fleshy base of the ovary, and stored at the bottom of 

 the short corolla-tube. Yellow, pocket-like involutions at the entrance of the flower 

 serve both as nectar-guides and nectar-covers. They also compel visitors to insert their 

 proboscis into the base of the flower in such a way as to touch the stigma and anthers. 

 Kerner asserts that the species are heterostylous ('Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. i, II, p. 302). 



2002. M. sylvatica Hoff'm. (Herm. Muller, ' Fertihsation,' pp. 414-15, 

 ' Weit. Beob.,' Ill, pp. 16-17; Kirchner, 'Flora v. Stuttgart,' pp. 561-2.) — The 

 corolla- tube of this species is 2-3 mm. long, and the somewhat converging anthers 

 are inserted into it at a higher level than the simultaneously maturing stigma. When 

 the flower opens they dehisce introrsely, so that an insect visitor must insert its 

 proboscis between them and the stigma, touching the two kinds of organs with 

 opposite sides, and eff'ecting crossing if another flower has previously been visited, 

 provided the proboscis is only once inserted. Flies, however, generally do this 

 several times, so that they often bring about self-pollination. Otherwise this is 

 effected automaticsUy by fall of pollen on the stigma. Kerner says that this is 

 not possible at first, on account of the lateral position of the flower, but only 

 later on when it becomes erect. Experiments made by Axell show that autogamy 

 results in complete fertility, and this is also the case with plants automatically 

 self-pollinated on the Dovrefjeld. 



Visitors. — Herm. Miiller gives the following list. — 



A. Coleoptera. (a) Dermestidae : i. Anthrenus scrophulariae Z., resting on 

 the flower, with its mouth applied to the entrance, but unable to get in. (i) Nilidu- 



