i66 ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



the opening of the flower, and an insect visitor presses against it in such a way 

 that the upper arm with the fertile anther-lobe comes out of the upper parts of the 

 flower that enclose it and strews pollen upon the visitor. Should insect-visits fail, 

 automatic self-pollination is brought about by fall of the corolla. 



642. Schizanthus Ruiz et Pav. 



Here, according to Hildebrand (Bot. Ztg., Leipzig, xxiv, 1866, p. 76), there are 

 two stamens which spring out of the lower lip during insect-visits, and dust the 

 visitors with pollen. The style subsequently elongates, so that visitors touch the 

 stigma before the pollen and therefore effect crossing. 



Juel (Vet.-Ak. Ofvers., Stockholm, li, 1894, pp. 67-72) describes the stamens 

 as fixed by a viscid secretion to the lower lip before insect-visits have taken place, 

 and says that their tension is due entirely to turgidity, there being no specific 

 mechanical elements in the filaments. 



643. Browallia L. 



2056. B. demissa L. (=£. elata Z.). (Delpino, ' Ult. oss.,' pp. 140-3; 

 Hildebrand, Bot. Ztg., Leipzig, xxviii, 1870, pp. 654-5.) — Delpino and Hildebrand 

 describe the entrance of the flower as closed in this species by the broadened 

 filaments of the two upper stamens, leaving only two narrow nectar-passages. 

 The proboscis of an insect touches anthers and stigma when introduced into 

 one of these. During the first stage of anthesis it will take up viscid matter 

 from the stigma, and pollinate this during the second stage. 



644. Salpiglossis Ruiz et Pav. 



2057. S. sinuata Ruiz et Pav. — De Bonis describes this species as 

 cleistogamous. 



2058. S. variabilis Hort. ( = S. sinuata Ruiz el Pav., according to the 

 Index Kewensis). (E. Hackel, Bot. Centralbl., Cassel, Ix, 1894, p. 258.) — 

 Hackel states that this species produces cleistogamous flowers if cultivated in 

 poor clay soil. 



645. Celsia L. 



2059. C. coromandelina Vahl. — Comes describes this species as self-fertile. 



646. Scrophularia Tourn. 



Protogynous wasp flowers, almost without exception. Nectar is secreted at 

 the base of the lounded widely open corolla by an annular swelling, described 

 by Kerner as divided into two symmetrically disposed front and back lobes, the 

 latter being more strongly developed. The secretion is in large drops. Kuhn 

 says there are cleistogamous flowers. 



2060. S. nodosa L. (Sprengel, 'Entd. Geh.,' pp. 322-4; Harm. Miiller, 

 ' Fertihsation,' pp. 434-6, 'Weit. Beob.,' Ill, p. 30, ' Alpenblumen,' p. 267; 

 Kirchner, 'Flora v. Stuttgart,' pp. 578-9; MacLeod, Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, 

 v, 1893, pp. 341-2; Knuth, ' Bliitenbesucher,' I, ' Bloemenbiol. Bijdragen.') — In 



