I70 ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities stated. — 



MacLeod (Pyrenees), 3 bees (Halictus sp.), an Ichneumonid, and 5 hover-flies. 

 Schletterer (Pola), the bee Halictus variipes Mor. 



2067. S. lateriflora Trautv. (Urban, Ber. D. bot. Ges., Berlin, iii, 1885; 

 Loew, ' Bliitenbiol. Beitrage,' I, pp. 2^-T.) — This species is native to the Caucasus. 

 It bears as markedly protogynous wasp flowers as S. nodosa, and their mechanism is 

 similar. 



2068. S. peregrina L. (Comes, ' Ult. stud.')— Comes describes this species 

 as self-fertile. 



2o6g. S. Scopolii Hoppe. — 



Visitors. — Plateau noticed the honey-bee. 



2070. S. orientalis L. — 



Visitors. — Plateau (Ghent) observed the honey-bee, a saw-fly (AUantus 

 tricinctus Cfir.), and a wasp (Odynerus quadratus Pz.). 



2071. S. alpestris J. Gray. (MacLeod, ' Pyreneenbl.,' p. 41.) — The flowers 

 of this species are yellow and violet in colour. 



Visitors. — MacLeod (Pyrenees) observed more especially a wasp (Vespa 

 sylvestris Scop.) ; also 2 humble-bees. 



647. Antirrhinum Toum. 



Homogamous bee or humble-bee flowers with valvular mechanism. Their 

 entrance is completely closed by the upper and lower lips of the corolla. The 

 latter possesses two swellings serving as alighting-platforms, and fitting accurately 

 into two depressions of the upper lip. The anthers are completely enclosed in 

 the corolla, close against the upper lip, and their pollen is dehisced in two 

 rounded masses, which both adhere to the back of a humble-bee forcing its way 

 into the flower. Nectar is secreted by the base of the ovary. Medicus describes 

 the stigma as sensitive. 



2072. A. majus L. (Sprengel, 'Entd. Geh.,' pp. 320-1; Herm. Miiller, 

 'Fertilisation,' pp. 433-4, ' Weit. Beob.,' Ill, pp. 29-30; Schuiz, 'Beitrage'; 

 Kirchner, 'Flora v. Stuttgart,' p. 580; Knuth, 'Bloemenbiol. Bijdragen.') — The 

 flowers of this species are bright-purple or rarely white in colour, with a yellow 

 palate. As long ago observed by Sprengel nectar is secreted by the front part 

 of the base of the ovary, which is smooth, green, fleshy, and usually rather 

 swollen anteriorly. Elsewhere the ovary is of a whitish colour, and clothed with 

 short fine hairs. The nectar remains clinging to the gland, resting below upon 

 the forwardly directed bases of the anterior filaments, above the spur, into which, 

 as Sprengel says, it does not flow of its own accord. The spur is short and 

 broad, and humble-bees probing for nectar are obliged to insert their proboscis 

 into it from below. Access from above and in front is blocked by stiff" capitate 

 hairs which cover the anterior filaments where they bend up. 



Visitors. — These are exclusively long-tongued bees, especially humble-bees, 

 which can easily force open the flowers and creep entirely into them, backing 

 out again with the pollen-masses adhering to their backs. During this procedure 



