SCROPHULARINEAE 177 



Visitors. — MacLeod observed perforations, probably made by Bombus mastru- 

 catus Gerst. or B. terrester L. 



2081. L. origanifolia DC. (MacLeod, ' Pyreneenbl.,' pp. 42-6.)— This 

 species bears bee flowers which possess (?), according to MacLeod, a special 

 small opening through which Bombyliids can suck. The upper lip is bilobed, 

 while the lower one consists of three lobes each divided into two. The colour 

 of the flowers is violet, with dark veins on the upper lip. The lower lip possesses 

 a yellow nectar-guide, and is raised into six irregular finely spinose ridges which 

 are continued into the interior of the corolla, where, however, the middle ones 

 become glabrous. Between the two median swellings of the palate there is an 

 entrance leading into the central non-spinose area on the floor of the corolla. 

 The compressed spur is 3-5 mm. long. The lower hp is Ump, so that it can 

 be opened by nectar-seeking insects without the use of much force. MacLeod 

 considers the mechanism as adapted to Bombyliids, though he never saw any of 

 them on the flowers. 



Visitors. — MacLeod only observed Curculionid beetles as unbidden guests. 



2082. L. arvensis Desf. (Herm. Miiller, ' Weit. Beob.,' Ill, p. 29.) — The 

 insignificant flowers of this species are purely autogamous. Hermann Miiller never 

 observed any visitors, though he often watched them in favourable weather. 



2083. L, italica Trevir. (Schulz, ' Beitrage,' IL) — The flower mechanism of 

 this species agrees with that of L. vulgaris. 



Visitors. — Schulz observed very numerous bees at Bozen (including Bombus 

 terrester Z.) which sometimes perforated the flowers. 



2084. L. spuria Mill. (Kirchner, 'Flora v. Stuttgart,' p. 583; Ascherson, 

 Verb. bot. Ver., Berlin, xxvii, (1885) 1886, p. 21.) — In this species the upper lip of 

 the corolla is dark purple-brown in colour, and the lower lip citron-yellow, generally 

 without nectar-guides, though it is somewhat blotched with dark purple-brown. The 

 nectar-containing spur is of a bright yellow colour, and 6 mm. in length. The four 

 stamens lie, as usual, against the inside of the upper lip, the two shorter ones being 

 straight, while the longer ones are sharply bent up at their ends, so that the tips of 

 the anthers are directed backwards, while their morphologically under-surfaces face 

 upwards. All four anthers adhere together, and the simultaneously mature stigma 

 lies between them. Where the anthers are connected they bear tufts of short 

 collecting -hairs, and they dehisce internally, i.e. towards the stigma, so that 

 automatic self-pollination is inevitable. 



Michalet and Ascherson describe thin short twisted branches which arise in 

 the axils of the lower leaves, bury themselves in the earth, and bear subterranean 

 cleistogamous flowers with a reduced corolla. 



2085. L. Cymbalaria Mill. (Kirchner, 'Flora v. Stuttgart,' p. 582; Herm. 

 Miiller, 'Weit. Beob.,' Ill, p. 29.) — The flowers of this species are lilac in colour, 

 with two orange-yellow patches on the lower lip, which is whitish inside and orange 

 as far as the beginning of the spur. Kirchner says that their mechanism essential!}' 

 agrees with that of L. vulgaris, but the spur is only 3 mm. long, and glabrous, but 

 furrowed internally ; the bases of the two long filaments, on the other hand, are 

 beset with minute hairs. 



