178 ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



Visitors. — Borgstette observed the following at Tecklenburg. — 



A. Diptera. Syrphidae: i. Helophilus hybridus Zoi?^. B. Hymenoptera. 



Apidae: 2. Apis mellifica L. 5, freq., skg. ; 3. Andrena albicans Mull. 5, skg. ; 

 4. Halictus albipes F. 5, do. ; 5. H. cylindricus F. J, freq., skg. ; 6. H. sexnotatus K. 

 % skg. C. Lepidoptera. Rhopahcera -. 7. Pieris rapae Z., skg. 



2086. L. gemstifolia Mill. — 



Visitors. — Loew observed the bee Apis mellifica L. 5, steadily skg., in the Berlin 

 Botanic Garden. 



2087. L. purpurea Mill. — 



Visitors. — Loew observed the honey-bee, skg., and the humble-bee Bombus 

 agrorum F. J, do., in the Berlin Botanic Garden. 



649. Phygelius E. Mey. 



2088. p. capensis E. Mey. (Kerner, ' Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. i, II, p. 384.)— 

 In this Cape species the peduncles are bent in a hook-like way, and the young 

 just-opened flowers are inclined downwards almost at right angles. Since they 

 are protogynous, they can only be cross-pollinated in the early days of anthesis, 

 and the style is at first bent in such a way that the stigma is placed in the opening of 

 the passage leading to the nectar-containing base of the flower, and must therefore 

 be touched by insect visitors. The style then straightens itself, so that the stigma is 

 removed from its first position, which is then occupied by the dehisced anthers. As 

 at the same time the peduncle continues to curve the tubular corolla is brought 

 nearer the main axis of the inflorescence. The stigma is thus brought under the 

 shrivelling anthers, from which pollen can fall upon it. If, however, this does not 

 take place, autogamy is ultimately ensured by the falling corolla drawing the anthers 

 over the stigma, and transferring the last remaining pollen-grains to it. 



650. Erinus L. 



Homogamous Lepidopterid flowers. 



2o8g. E. alpinus L. (Loew, 'Blutenbiol. Floristik,' p. 50.) — Loew examined 

 the flowers of cultivated plants of this species, and describes them as reddish-violet in 

 colour, and possessing a narrow corolla-tube, about 5 mm. long, in the base of which 

 is stored up the nectar secreted by an annular swelling at the base of the ovary. 

 Self-pollination, favoured by homogamy, is possible. 



Visitors. — MacLeod saw 2 Lepidoptera and a fly in the Pyrenees. 



651. Gratiola L. 



Flowers white or reddish in colour ; with concealed nectar secreted by a disk 

 below the ovary. 



2090. G. officinalis L. (Vaucher, ' Hist. phys. des pi. d'Europe,' III ; Loew, 

 'Blutenbiol. Floristik,' pp. 289-90.) — The stigma in this species opens its two thin 

 papillose lobes at a late stage of anthesis, and quickly closes. Linnaeus and 

 Medicus describe it as sensitive. The ends of the two fertile stamens are hairy, 

 and the anthers turn their dehisced sides to the stigma, which thus gets covered 



