212 



ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



is ensured by the projecting stigma, while Kerner says that autogamy can be 

 brought about by the fall of pollen as in P. incarnata /acq. and P. rostrata Z. 



Visitors. — Herm. Miiller observed 2 humble-bees and a moth. 



2157. P. foliosa L. (Herm. Muller, ' Alpenblumen,' pp. 302-3 ; Kerner, 

 ' Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. i, II, p. 376.) — In this species the stigma projects from 

 the upper lip, which is not drawn out into a beak. The lower lip is oblique and 

 possesses a median groove. When a humble-bee forces its head into the flower the 

 edges of the upper lip are forced apart, causing the anthers to be separated and 

 pollen to fall on the visitor. Hermann Muller says that automatic self-pollination 

 appears to be excluded, but Kerner asserts that it takes place as in P. recutita L. 



Visitors. — Herm. Muller saw 3 humble-bees. 



Fig. 309. Pedicularis verticillata, L. (after Herm. Miiller). A. Flower seen from the side. 

 B., Do. seen directly from the front. C Flower after removal of the calyx, lower lip, and part of 

 the right half of the rest of the corolla, seen from the right. D. Base of the corolla-tabe. seen from 

 the right side, in section. E. Ovary and nectary. F. Upper lip and entrance of the flower, seen 

 obliquely from the front and below. G~ Tip of the upper lip of an older flower with the projecting 

 stigma, seen from the right side (X 4a). a, groove in lower lip; b, opening of the flower aboTe this; 

 «, nectary; ov, ovary; o, J, slit in upper lip; tj, tt (in D), outer and inner filament; */;, base of 

 coToUa-tube ; j/, stigma. 



2158. P. verticillata L. (Warming, Bot. Tids., Kjobenhavn, xvii, 1890, 

 p. 215; Herm. Muller, 'Alpenblumen,' pp. 295-8.) — Except that the flowers are 

 horizontal or directed obliquely downwards, their mechanism is similar to that of 

 P. recutita. The head of a humble-bee visitor is pushed along a groove, and 

 forces apart the edges of the upper lip, so that sprinkling of pollen is effected. 

 Hairs on the longer filaments prevent this from being dispersed laterally. The 



