SCROPHULARINEAE 



227 



large-flowered variety (= E. Rostkoviana Hayne) the same kind of automatic self- 

 pollination occurs, by means of further growth of the corolla-tube, as he has described 

 in the case of Rhinanthus hirsutus and R. angustifolius (cf. pp. 219, 220). This 

 applies also to Euphrasia tricuspidata L. and E. versicolor A. Kern. Darwin (' Cross 

 Fertilisation,' p. 368) found E. officinalis fertile by automatic self-pollination. Flower 

 visitors naturally prefer the forms possessing large flowers of striking colour and 

 secreting abundant nectar. 



Visitors. — Herm. Miiller observed the following, all skg. — 



A. Diptera. (a) Bombyliidae : i. Systoechus sulphureus Mik. (3) Syrphidae 

 2. Melithreptus taeniatus Mg. ; 3. Syrphus sp. B. Hymenoptera. Apidae 

 4. Apis mellifica L. 5, freq. ; 5. Bombus agrorum F. y^; 6. B. pratorum L. 5 

 7. Halictus minutissimus K. 5, creeping right into the flowers ; 8. Nomada lateralis 

 Pz.%. 



Alfken gives the following list. — 



Juist— A. Diptera. Syrphidae : i. Syrphus ribesii L. B. Hymenoptera. 

 Apidae: 2. Bombus lapidarius L. 5, skg.; 3. B. muscorum F. 5, do.; 4. CoUetes 

 impunctatus iV>'/., rare, skg.; 5. C. marginatusZ., freq., po-cltg. and skg.; 6. Epeolus 

 variegatus L. Bremen, 3 humble-bees, skg. — i. Bombus hortorum Z. 5 ; 2. B. 

 muscorum F. 5, 5 and S ; 3. B. lapidarius Z. 5. 



The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities stated. — 



Knuth (Rom), the honey-bee and a hover-fly (Helophilus pendulus Z.) ; 

 (Thuringia), the humble-bee Bombus soroensis F., var. proteus Gerst. 5. Hoffer 

 (Steiermark), the parasitic bee Psithyrus rupestris F. 5. Friese (Innsbruck), the bee 

 Hahctoides paradoxus Mor. 5 (in the large-flowered variety), von Dalla Torre 

 (Tyrol), 2 humble-bees — Bombus agrorum F., and B. soroensis F. (also by 

 Schletterer in the Tyrol). Herm. Miiller (Alps, in the large-flowered form), 5 flies, 

 1 1 bees, and 8 Lepidoptera. Mac - 

 Leod (Pyrenees, in both forms), a 

 Lepidopterid and a hover-fly (Bot. 

 Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, iii, 1891, 

 pp. 314-15). Scott-Elliot (Dum- 

 friesshire), 2 humble-bees, a short- 

 tongued bee, a saw-fly, 4 hover- 

 flies, and a Muscid (' Flora of Dum- 

 friesshire,' p. 132). 



2174. E. salisburgensis 



Funk (= E. officinalis, according 

 to the Index Kewe7isis). (Herm. 

 Miiller, ' Alpenblumen,' pp. 280-1.) 

 — This species bears flowers be- 

 longing to class CH. They are 

 protogynous, and resemble those 

 of the small-flowered form of E. 

 officinalis in size and conspicuous- 

 ness. Cross-pollination is effected 

 by insect-visits, owing to the pro- 

 jection of the stigma. Should such 

 visits fail, the stigma frequently moves to the middle of the anthers by continued 

 growth of the corolla, so that automatic self-pollination may be effected. 



Q 2 



Fig. 319. Euphrasia salisburgensis, Funk (after Herm. 

 Miiller). A. Young flower, seen from the side. B. Do., 

 after removal of the upper lip and a large part of the caly:^. 

 ( X 7.) C. Ovary with nectary (i;). D. Uppermost part 

 of the style, (x \6.) 



