252 



ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



second stage, the stamens are withered and curve downwards, and the mature stigma 

 is situated in the mouth of the flower. Automatic self-pollination is therefore excluded. 

 The reduction of the second pair of stamens is (according to Hermann Miiller) simply 

 a result of the smallness of the flower. 



All four stamens are frequently reduced. The female flowers are often only 

 ^i mm. long. They are sometimes to be found on separate stocks, sometimes on 

 those also bearing hermaphrodite flowers. The purely or largely female stocks are 

 vegetatively stronger than those which are entirely or mainly hermaphrodite. 



Fig. ,^27. Lycopus europaeits, L. (after Herm. MUlIer). (i) Flower in the first (male) 

 stape, seen from below. (2) Do., in the second (female! stage, seen from the side. (This 

 figure must be supposed twisted round to the right into a horizontal position.) (3) Do., in 



the first stage, spread out after removal of the lower lip, seen from below. a, vestigial 

 anthers ; a', fl^, and a^, fertile anthers before dehiscence, during dehiscence, and when withered ; 

 ?/, nectary ; ov, ovary ; st^ and st'\ immature and mature stigma. 



Visitors. — Herm. Miiller observed the following in Westphalia and Thuringia. — 



A. Diptera. (a) Muscidae: i. Lucilia cornicina F., in large numbers, skg. ; 

 2. L. sylvarum vJ^., do. ; 3. PoUenia vespillo i^., skg. ; 4. Sarcophaga albiceps il:^., 

 freq., skg. (U) Culicidae: 5. numerous small gnats (li mm. long), (f) Syrphidae: 

 6. Melithreptus scriptus Z., skg. and po-dvg. ; 7. Syritta pipiens L., very common, 

 do. B. Hemiptera. 8. Undetermined sp. C. Hymenoptera. Vespidae: 9. 

 Polistes gallica L. ; 10. P. diadema Lir., in large numbers (Thuringia), both skg. 

 D. Lepidoptera: 11. Adela sp., skg. E. Thysanoptera. 12. Thrips, very 

 numerous. 



The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities stated. — 



Knuth (Schleswig Holstein), a humble-bee (Bombus sylvarum Z. 5, skg.), an 

 ichneumon fly (Bassus tarsatorius Pz., skg.), and 2 hover-flies (Syritta pipiens Z., 

 and S. ribesii Z., both skg.). MacLeod (Flanders), the honey-bee, a humble-bee, 

 3 short-tongued bees, 5 hover-flies, 4 Muscids, 3 Vespids, and a Lepidopterid (Bot. 

 Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, iv, 1892, p. 372 ; v, 1893, pp. 365-6). 



2234. L. exaltatus L. fil. — Schulz ('Beitrage,' II, p. 195) states that this 

 species is gynodioecious, judging from herbarium material. 



705. Salvia L. 



LiTERATURr;. — Sprengel, ' Entd. Geh.,' pp. 58-62 ; Hildebrand, ' tj. d. Befrucht. 

 d. Salbei-Arten durch. Insekt. '; Correns, ' Zur Biol. u. Anat. d. Salvienblute ' ; 

 Kerner, 'Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. i, II, pp. 262-3. 



Generally protandrous, rarely homogamous, frequently gynodioecious humble-bee 



