LABI AT AE 257 



Anthidium manicatum L. S, skg., 5 visiting several flowers and then going to a white- 

 flowered variety ; and the humble-bee Bombus hortomm Z. ^i first settling on the 

 calyx, but afterwards skg. legitimately. Schmiedeknecht (Thuringia), 4 bees — 

 I. Bombus latreillellus K. (= B. subterraneus Z.); 2. B. rajellus K. (= B. der- 

 hamellus K. 5) ; 3. B. ruderatus F. ; 4. B. soroensis F. j. Friese (Thuringia), the 

 humble-bee Bombus variabilis Schmiedekn. Rossler (Wiesbaden), the moth Agrotis 

 ypsilon Rolt. Hoffer (Steiermark), 2 bees — Bombus derhamellus K. 5, and B. 

 argillaceus Scop. Friese (Fiume, Mehadia, Trieste, teste Koleric) and Dircke (Trieste), 

 the bee Podalirius dufouri Lep. Schletterer (Tyrol), 4 bees — i. Bombus mastru- 

 catus Gerst. ; 2. B. muscorum F. ; 3. B. subterraneus Z. ; 4. Melecta luctuosa Scop, 

 von Dalla Torre (Tyrol), the humble-bee Bombus sylvarum Z. 5. 



Loew (Berlin Botanic Garden) observed the following on the var. variegata. — 

 The Syrphid Piatycheirus scutatus Mg., hovering for a long time over a flower, 



and then settling on the lower lip; and 2 bees — Anthidium manicatum Z. S, skg., 



and Apis mellifica Z. 5, skg. without result. 



2236. S. sylvestris L. (Herm. Miiller, ' Fertilisation,' p. 483, ' Weit. Beob.' 

 Ill, p. 56 ; Correns, op. cit. ; Delpino, op. cit. ; Schulz, ' Beitrage,' I, pp. 78-9.) — 

 The flower mechanism of this species agrees in the main with that of S. pratensis, 

 but the corolla-tube is only 4 mm. long, so that short-tongued hymenoptera can 

 easily reach the nectar. The form with small perianth examined by Correns also 

 agrees with the corresponding one of S. pratensis as regards stamens. The anther- 

 lobes of the free limbs of the connectives are fixed ; the connectives (3 mm. long) are 

 but very slightly movable. Though their spoon-shaped ends are united the joint 

 between filament and connective is easily torn. 



Schulz distinguished the following forms in Central Germany. — 

 (i) Large-flowered hermaphrodite form: corolla 10-12 mm. long; usually 

 markedly protandrous. 



(2) Medium-sized hermaphrodite form: completely homogamous; pistil ex- 

 tremely short ; stigma situated entirely between the anthers, so that automatic 

 self-pollination is inevitable (as e.g. near Halle). 



(3) Small-flowered hermaphrodite form : corolla 7-8 mm. long ; feebly pro- 

 tandrous or entirely homogamous. 



(4) Large-flowered female form: corolla 9-1 1 mm. long; anthers a little 

 smaller than the normal ones and devoid of pollen. 



(5) Small-flowered female form: corolla 5-8 mm.; stamens sometimes com- 

 pletely aborted. 



The two female forms usually appear on different stocks. Gynomonoecious 

 plants generally bear only flowers with a large or small perianth. 



Visitors. — The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated. — 



Knuth (Kiel Botanic Garden), the humble-bee Bombus terrester Z., skg. Herm. 

 Miiller (Thuringia), — i. The honey-bee (proboscis 6 mm. long), po-cltg., and dusting 

 the top of its head with pollen; 2. The Sphegid Psammophila affinis K. 5 (proboscis 

 4 mm.), freq., skg.; also 2 butterflies as unbidden guests; 3. Pieris rapae Z., skg.; 

 4. P. napi Z., do. Schulz noticed occasional flowers perforated by humble-bees. 

 Friese (Siebengebirge), 4 bees — r. Eucera armeniaca Mor.; 2. E. tricincta Er.; 

 3. Podalirius borealis Mor. (also in Hungary) ; 4. Meliturga clavicornis Ltr. Loew 

 (Berlin Botanic Garden), the bee Apis mellifica Z. 5, skg., and thickly dusting its 

 thorax with pollen ; also on the var. nemorosa. 



DAVIS. Ill 



