272 ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



variipes il/or. ; 29. H. villosulus ^. ; 30. Megachile argentata i^. ; 31. M. muraria 

 Z. ; 32. Melecta funeraria ^wz.; 33. Nomada flavoguttata A'. ; 34. N. imperialis 

 Schmiedekn. ; 35. Osmia aurulenta Pz. ; 36. O. papaveris Z//-. ; 37. O. scutellaris 

 Mor. ; 38. O. vidua Gersi. ; 39. Podalirius retusus Z., var. meridionalis Per. 



Warming found the variety (b) prostata Hornem. to be gynodioecious with 

 protandrous hermaphrodite flowers in Iceland and Greenland. In consequence of 

 the smallness of the flower the stigma and anthers are so close together that the 

 possibility of self-pollination is increased. The plants in Iceland possess considerably 

 longer stamens and style than those in Greenland. The various female flowers on 

 one plant often present every degree of reduction of the stamens. 



Schulz (' Beitrage,' I, p. 83) in describing the variety (c) angustifolius Pars, as 

 a species says it is gynodioecious, and also, more frequently, gynomonoecious. All 

 degrees of reduction of the filaments may sometimes be found on the same plant. 



The variety (d) pannonicus All. is also described as a species by Schulz (op. cit., 

 II, pp. 1 30-1), who states it to be gynodioecious or rarely gynomonoecious in the South 

 Tyrol and North Italy. The size of the flowers is very variable. Insect-visits are 

 numerous. 



Visitors. — Schletterer and von Dalla Torre record the bee Melecta armata Pz. 

 for the Tyrol. 



2281. T. dalmaticus Freyn. — This is perhaps only a variety of T. Serpyllum. 



Visitors. — Schletterer saw the following at Pola. — 



Hymenoptera. (a) Apidae: i . Andrena albopunctata /?««' ; 2. A. carbonaria 

 Z.; 3. A. combinata Chr.\ 4. A. convexiuscula K., var. fuscata A'. ; 5. A. deceptoria 

 Schmiedekn. ; 6. A. flavipes Pz. ; 7. A. humilis Imh. ; 8. A. labialis K. ; 9. A. limbata 

 Ev. ; 10. A. lucens Imh. \ 1 1. A. morio Brull. ; 12. A. nana K.; 13. A. parvula K. ; 

 14. Bombus terrester Z. ; 15. Colletes niveofasciatus Zfowrj. ; 16. Eucera interrupta 

 Baer.; 17. E. longicornis Z. ; 18. Halictus fasciatellus ^c^rac^ ; 19. H. interruptus 

 Pz.; 20. H. levigatus K. 5; 21. H. leucozonius Schr.<i\ 22. H. malachurus ZT ; 

 23. H. minutus K.; 24. H. morbillosus ZTnr^iJ. ; 25. H. patellatus Mor.; 26. H. 

 rufocinctus Nyl. a 5 and a S; 27. H. scabiosae Rossi; 28. H. sexcinctus F.; 

 29. H. tetrazonius Klg.; 30. Lithurgus chrysurus Fonsc; 31. Megachile muraria 

 Reiz.; 32. M. septemdentatum Lir.; 33. Melecta funeraria Sm.; 34. M. luctuosa 

 Scop.; 2,^. "HoTadids. hriLwasand. Schmiedekn.; 36. N. femoralis iJ/or.; 37. N. ruficornis 

 Z. ; 38. N. sexfasciata Pz. ; 39. Osmia rufohirta Ltr. ; 40. O. versicolor Lir. ; 

 41. Podalirius tarsatus Spin, {b) Pompilidae : 42. Pompilus viaticus Z. (c) Scoliidae: 

 43. Scolia haemorrhoidalis F. ; 44. S. hirta Schr. (d) Sphegidae : 45. Cerceris 

 quadrifasciata Pz. {e) Vespidae : 46. Polistes gallica Z. 



2282. T. vulgaris L. (Sprengel, 'Entd. Geh.' pp. 310-n ; Herm. Miiller, 

 'Fertilisation,' pp. 474-5; Schulz, 'Beitrage,' II, p. 195; Kirchner, 'Flora v. 

 Stuttgart,' p. 613 ; Knuth, ' Bloemenbiol. Bijdragen.') — This species is gynodioecious, 

 with protandrous hermaphrodite flowers like those of T. Serpyllum. The female 

 flowers set almost twice as many fruits as the hermaphrodite ones. On cultivated 

 plants at Halle Schulz observed about 20 % female flowers. 



Visitors. — The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated. — 



Knuth (on garden plants), the honey-bee, skg., a hover-fly (Eristalis tenax Z., 

 po-dvg. and skg.), and a butterfly (Pieris brassicae Z., skg.). Herm. Miiller (in his 

 garden at Lippstadt), all skg. — A. Diptera. (a) Empidae: i. Empis livida Z. 



