LABIA TAE 301 



2343. S. Alopecuros Benth. (=B. Alopecuros Z.). — 



Visitors. — Loew observed the bee Anthidium manicatum Z. S, skg., in the 

 Berlin Botanic Garden. 



2344. S. densiflora Benth. ( = B. hirsuta Z.). — 

 Visitors. — As last species. 



2345. B. orientalis Z. — 



Visitors. — Loew observed the humble-bee Bombus hortorum Z. 5, skg., in the 

 Berlin Botanic Garden. 



2346. S. densiflora (=B. rubicunda Wender). — 



Visitors. — Loew observed the following in the Berlin Botanic Garden. — 



A. Diptera. Syrphidae: i. Syrphus balteatus Deg., po-dvg. B. Hymeno- 

 ptera. Apidae : 2. Anthidium manicatum Z. S, skg. ; 3. Bombus terrester Z. J, 

 do. C. Lepidoptera. Rhopalocera : 4. Pieris brassicae Z., skg. 



726. Phlomis L. 



Homogamous or protandrous bee flowers with a hinge-joint in the upper lip. 

 Secretion and concealment of nectar as usual. 



2347. P. tuberosa L. (Pammel, Trans. Acad. Sci., St. Louis (Mo.), v, 1888, 

 pp. 241-77 ; Loew, 'Bliitenbiol. Floristik,' p. 313.) — This species is indigenous to 

 South-east Europe. Loew describes as follows the flower mechanism of plants 

 cultivated in the Berlin Botanic Garden. — The bright-pink flowers possess a dark-red 

 patch on the lower lip that serves as a nectar-guide. The corolla-tube is 9-1 1 mm. 

 long, and almost entirely enclosed by the spiny-toothed calyx ; inside it is a circlet of 

 hairs. The hinge enabling the upper lip to be raised possesses a ventricose joint- 

 swelling. If in a newly-opened flower this lip is pushed backwards, the elasticity of 

 the hinge causes it to resume its original position. The elasticity subsequently 

 becomes feebler, but the hinge remains flexible. The edge of the upper lip is dentate 

 and thickly ciliate. At first only the lower and larger stigmatic branch projects 

 through the closely-set hairs and teeth. Each of the two upper filaments is produced 

 below its insertion into a curved process 4 mm. long. These processes are 

 apparently supports ; they lie on a keel-like ridge projecting into the corolla-tube, 

 and act as buttresses to prevent its wall from collapsing, as might otherwise happen 

 when a very heavy insect alighted on the lower lip. Pammel describes the flowers as 

 protandrous, but those examined by Loew were homogamous. 



Visitors. — The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated. — 



Loew (Berlin Botanic Garden), humble-bees and bees with a proboscis 9-16 mm. 

 long, i. e. Bombus agrorum F. 5 (12-13 nun.), B. hortorum Z. 5 (14-16 mm.), and 

 Anthidium manicatum Z. (9-10 mm.). Pammel (North America), 3 species of 

 humble-bee with a proboscis 11-16 mm. long. In spite, therefore, of the foreign 

 origin of the plant, its flowers can be legitimately visited and crossed both in North 

 America and North Germany by indigenous insects. 



2348. P. viscosa Poir. (=P. Russeliana Lag^. (Loew, Ber. D. bot. Ges., 

 Berlin, iv, 1886, pp. 113-17.) — Loew says that the flower mechanism of this species 

 resembles that of P. tuberosa. The upper lip can be opened and shut by means of 



