342 ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



those of the long-styled one. These two forms (at any rate in the island of Fohr) 

 apparently do not grow together ; long-styled flowers are to be found in one part of 

 a field and short-styled ones in another. 



Jordan says that three of the eight stamens surround the style, the anthers 

 turning their pollen-covered surfaces outwards ; the other five bend further outwards, 

 their pollen-covered surfaces facing inwards. Insects probing for nectar are therefore 

 dusted with pollen on each side of their bodies, visitors to the long-styled flowers 

 usually brushing the anthers with their heads, and those to the short-styled ones with 

 the thorax. As the stigmas and anthers at the same level naturally come into contact 

 with corresponding parts of the insects' bodies, legitimate union is usually effected. 

 Illegitimate union and automatic self-pollination are, however, also easily possible, 

 but less effective. 



Schulz states that gynomonoecious, rarely gynodioecious, occasionally andro- 

 monoecious, and very rarely androdioecious flowers also occur. 



Jordan says that three stamens turn the pollen-covered surfaces of their anthers 

 outwards, while the remaining five, which curve more towards the perianth leaves, 

 turn them inwards, so that insects probing for nectar are dusted on both sides of 

 their bodies. 



Visitors. — Herm. Miiller gives the following hst. — 



A. Diptera. (a) Muscidae: i. Lucilia cornicina /^., skg. ; 2. Musca corvina 

 F., do. ; 3. Pollenia vespillo F., do. ; 4. Sarcophaga carnaria Z., do. (3) Stratiomyidae : 

 5. Odontomyia viridula F., do. ; 6. Stratiomys chamaeleon Deg., freq. ; 7. S. riparia 

 Mg., skg. (c) Syrphidae : 8. Cheilosia scutellata Fall., skg. and po-dvg. ; 9. Chryso- 

 toxum festivum L., do.; ic. Eristalis arbustorum L., do.; 11. E. intricarius L., do. ; 

 12. E. nemorum Z., do.; 13. E. pertinax Scop.; 14. E. sepulcralis Z., do.; 

 r5. E. tenax Z., do.; 16. Helophilus floreus Z., do. ; 17. Melithreptus scriptus Z., 

 do.; 18. Pipiza funebris iJj§-., do. ; 19. Syritta pipiens Z., do. ; 20. Syrphus pyrastri 

 Z., do. B. Hymenoptera. (a) Apidae: 21. Apis mellifica Z. 5. extremely 

 numerous (making up nine-tenths of the visitors), skg. and po-cltg. ; 22. Andrena 

 albicrus K. 5, skg.; 23. A. bicolor F. (=r A. aestiva Sm^ S, do.; 24. A. dorsata K. 5, 

 do. ; 25. A. fulvicrus K. S and 5, freq., skg. and po-cltg. ; 26. A. helvola Z. 5, skg. ; 

 27. A. nana K., do.; 28. A. pilipes F. 5, do.; 29. A. varians K. §, do. ; 30. Bombus 

 lapidarius Z. 5 and §, skg.; 31. Sphecodes gibbus Z., do. (b) Sphegidae: 32. Cer- 

 ceris labiata F. 5, do. ; 33. C. nasuta Dahlb. (= C. quinquefasciata Ross}f S, skg.; 

 34. Pompilus trivialis Klg., do. (f) Tenihredinidae : 35. Athalia spinarum F., skg. 

 C. Lepidoptera. All skg. : 36. Pieris brassicae Z. ; 37. P. napiZ. ; 38. Polyom- 

 matus phlaeas Z. ; 39. Vanessa urticae Z. 



The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities stated. — 



Schletterer (Pola), the Scoliid Scolia hirta Schr. MacLeod (Flanders), the 

 honey-bee, 2 short-tongued bees, a saw-fly, 7 hover-flies, 5 Muscids, 3 Lepidoptera, 

 and a beetle (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, vi, 1895, p. 142). 



2470. P. tataricum L. (= Fagopyrum tataricum Gaerin^. — Schulz describes 

 the green flowers of this species as homogamous, and sometimes gynomonoecious 

 and gynodioecious. 



2471. P. perfoliatum L. (Hildebrand, Bot, Centralbl., Cassel, Beih. .\iii, 1902, 

 pp. 335-8.) — This climbing East Indian species produces fleshy fruits of turquoise 

 colour. Hildebrand states that plants cultivated in the Freiburg Botanic Garden bore 

 nothing but completely cleistogamous flowers for seven successive years. 



