344 ANGIOSPERMAE—DICOTYLEDONES 



(4) Female stage of the second generation. Still other flowers frequently 

 mature. 



Warnstorf describes the pollen-grains as white in colour, gleaming like crystals, 

 elhpsoidal-prismatic, smooth, about 37 ft. broad and 63 /n long. 



Visitors. — Herm. Miiller (Alps) observed a beetle, 10 Diptera, 5 Hymenoptera, 

 and 22 Lepidoptera. He gives the following hst for Westphalia. — 



A. Coleoptera. (a) Coccinellidae : i. Coccinella quattuordecimpunctata L. 

 (i) Scarabaeidae : 2. Trichius fasciatus Z., dvg. the flowers (Vosges Mts.) (c) Tele- 

 phoridae : 3. Malachius bipustulatus L., dvg. the anthers, {d) Nitidulidae : 4. Meli- 

 gethes sp. B. Diptera. (a) Bibionidae : 5. Bibio hortulanus L. (b) Empidae 

 6. Empis livida Z., skg. (c) Muscidae : 7. Sarcophaga carnaria Z. [d) Syrphidae 

 8. Ascia podagrica F., po-dvg. ; 9. Eristalis arbustorum Z., skg. methodically 

 10. Rhingia rostrata Z., do.; 11. Syritta pipiens Z., po-dvg., and skg. with less 

 method; 12. Syrphus ribesii Z. C. Hymenoptera. (a) Apidae : 13. Andrena 

 albicans Mull. 5 ; 14. Apis mellifica Z. 5 ; 15. Prosopis signata Pz. S, obtaining no 

 booty, {b) Sphegidae: 16. Cerceris variabilis &^r. as 15; 17. Oxybelus uniglumis 

 Z., do. (c) Tenthredinidae : 18. Tenthredo sp., trying to suck (Vosges Mts.). 

 D. Lepidoptera. Rhopalocera -. 19. Botys purpuralis Z., skg.; 20. Pieris brassicae 

 Z., do. 



Loew noticed the following. — 



Silesia ('Beitrage,' p. 51). — A. Coleoptera. (a) Cerambycidae : i. Leptura 

 virens Z. ; 2. Pachyta clathrata Z'. ; 3. Strangalia melanura Z. (b) Chrysomelidae : 

 4. Clytra diversipes Lelz. (c) Staphylinidae : 5. Anthophagus spectabilis I/eer. 

 B. Hymenoptera. Sphegidae : 6. Crabro quadrimaculatus F. 5 and S. C. Lepido- 

 ptera. Nociuidae : 7. Agrotis conflua Tr. Switzerland (op. cit., p. 66). — Diptera. 

 (a) Empidae : i. Rhamphomyia anthracina Mg. (b) Muscidae : 2. Cyrtoneura 

 podagrica Zw. ; 3. C. simplex Ew. (c) Syrphidae : 4. Eristalis rupium F. Berlin 

 Botanic Garden. Flies (Anthomyia sp.), skg. 



The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities stated. — 



Ludwig — Empids. Frey (Switzerland), a butterfly (Polyommatus hippothoe Z.) 

 and a moth (Agrotis ocellina .S.- F.) : (Upper Engadine), the Noctuid moth Mithymna 

 imbecilla M. Koch (Seiser Alp in the South Tyrol) — a Muscid (Loxocera elongata 

 Mg.), a Stratiomyid (Odontomyia personata Zw.), and a Syrphid (Eristalis intricarius 

 Z.). MacLeod (Pyrenees), a saw-fly, an Empid and a Muscid (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, 

 Ghent, iii, 1891, p. 374): (Flanders), a humble-bee, another bee (Halictus sp.), 

 a hover-fly (Syritta sp.), an Empid (Empis sp.), a Muscid, a beetle, and a Lepidopterid 

 (op. cit., vi, 1894, p. 376). Scott-Elliott (Dumfriesshire), a saw-fly, an Empid, and 

 2 other flies ('Flora of Dumfriesshire,' p. 149). 



2473. P. viviparum L. (Axell, ' Om Anord. for Fanerog. Vaxt. Befrukt.,' 

 p. 27 ; Ricca, ' Atti Soc. ital. sc. nat.,' Milano, xiv, 1871 ; Herm. Miiller, 'Fertilisa- 

 tion,' p. 512, ' Alpenblumen,' pp. 180-2; Schulz, 'Beitrage'; Warming, 'Bestov- 

 ningsmaade,' pp. 31-3.) — The flowers of this species belong to class C. The length 

 and course of anthesis of stamens and styles vary greatly in different districts. Axell 

 observed purely female stocks in Swabia in addition to hermaphrodite, markedly 

 protandrous ones. In the Alps Hermann Miiller found partly hermaphrodite (but 

 homogamous), and partly purely female stocks. Schulz also observed there gyno- 

 dioecism, more rarely gynomonoecism, and androdioecism with homogamous herma- 

 phrodite flowers. Lindman describes the plants of the Dovrefjeld as gynodioecious 

 and gynomonoecious, with homogamous flowers. In Greenland Warming found 



