ORCHIDEAE 



401 



marginata Mdrk. Scott-Elliot (Dumfriesshire), a hover-fly and a Lepidopterid 

 ('Flora of Dumfriesshire,' p. 168). 



2616. H. odoratissima Franch. (=G. odoratissima Rich., and Orchis 

 odoratissima Z.). (Herm. Miiller, ' Alpenblumen,' pp. 65-6.) — The mechanism of 

 the vanilla-scented, pale pink flowers of this species resembles that of the preceding 

 one, but the spur is only 4-5 mm. long and about half filled with nectar. The 

 pale colour and stronger fragrance attract moths more particularly. 



Visitors. — Herm. Miiller observed 3 species of Lepidoptera. 



2617. H. albida R. Br. ( = Gymnadenia albida Rich., and Orchis albida Z.). 

 (Darwin, op. cit., pp. 43, 68 ; Herm. Miiller, 'Alpenblumen,' p. 66.) — The white 

 flowers of this species are fragrant (also in the arctic regions, according to Warming), 

 and the entrance to the spur is so narrow that only a lepidopterid proboscis can enter 

 it. The white colour of the flowers points to moths as visitors, and the shortness of 

 the spur (2 mm.) indicates adaptation to small species. 



Fig. 369. Hahenaria albida, R. Br. (after Herm. Miiller). A. Flower, seen from the side. B. Do., 

 from below. C, Do., from the front (x 7). o, opening of the spur; ov, ovary; pp, upper petals; 

 p\ labellum ; s s, lateral sepals ; ^, upper sepal ; j/, spur : 5/, stigraatic surface. 



2618. H. angustifolia H. B. et K. ( = Nigritella angustifolia Rich., Orchis 

 nigra Scop., and Satyrium nigrum Z.). (Herm. MuUer, 'Alpenblumen,' pp. 66-9; 

 Ricca, Atti Soc. ital. sc. nat., Milano, xiv, 1871 ; Kerner, 'Nat. Hist. PI.,' Eng. Ed. i, 

 II, p. 201.) — The flowers of this species are dark purple-red, rarely pink in colour, 

 with a strong vanilla odour, and the spur is only 2 mm. long and one mm. wide. 

 The flower mechanism agrees otherwise with that of the remaining lepidopterid orchids, 

 e. g. in regard to richness in nectar, and the adhesive disks with poUinia situated 

 upon them, which when drawn out bend forwards and outwards ; but the position 

 of the parts of the flower is reversed, so that the pollinia cling to the lower side 

 of the proboscis and are then brought on to the stigmas situated below the narrow 

 entrance to the spur. Self-pollination is excluded. 



Visitors. — The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated. — 



Herm. Miiller (Alps), no less than 53 insects, including 48 Lepidoptera. Loew 

 (Switzerland, ' Beitrage,' p. 63), 2 butterflies — Argynnis pales S.-V. and Melitaea 

 parthenie Bkh. 



DAVIS. Ill D d 



