LI LI ACE AE 465 



that purely male and purely female, more rarely also purely hermaphrodite 

 stocks, or hermaphrodite ones bearing either male or female flowers, occur in the 

 same habitat. Warnstorf describes the pollen-grains as reddish-yellow in colour, 

 ellipsoidal, almost smooth, about 37 /x long and 19-21 yx broad. 



Visitors. — The following were recorded by the observers, and for the localities 

 stated. — 



Knuth, the honey-bee, freq., skg. and po-cltg. Herra. Miiller, 5 bees — i. Apis 

 mellifica Z. 5, very common, skg. and po-cltg.; 2. Halictus sexnotatus K. j, po-cltg.; 

 fj. Megachile centuncularis L. 5, skg.; 4. Osmia rufa L. 5, skg.; 5. Prosopis 

 dilatata K. 5, skg. Plateau (Belgium), the bee Megachile ericetorum Lep. Friese 

 (Hungary), the bee Andrena rufohispida Dours. Loew (Silesia, 'Beitrage,' p. 32), 

 3 bees — I. Apis mellifica Z. g, skg. ; 2. Halictus sexnotatus K. 5, skg. ; 3. Megachile 

 octosignata Nyl. J, skg. ; (Berlin Botanic Garden), the bee Halictus sexnotatus K. 5, 

 skg. von Fricken (Westphalia and East Prussia), and Redtenbacher (Vienna), 2 

 Chrysomelid beetles — Crioceris asparagi Z., very common, and C. duodecimpunctata 

 Z., infreq. 



2800. A. acutifolius L. — The flowers of this species are pale green in colour. 

 Visitors. — Plateau observed the bee Megachile ericetorum Lep., and small 



hover-flies. 



2801. A. scaber Brign. (=A. amarus DC). — 

 Visitors. — As last species ; also the honey-bee. 



899. Ruscus L. 



2802. R. aculeatus L. — Hildebrand (Ber. D. bot. Ges., Berhn, xxxviii, 1896) 

 describes this species as monoecious. 



900. Rohdea Roth. 



2803. R. japonica Roth. — This species, which should perhaps be placed here, 

 was observed by Delpino (' Ult. oss.,' pp. 239-40; Hildebrand, Bot. Ztg., Leipzig, 

 xxviii, 1870) to be visited and pollinated by snails (Helix aspersa MiilL, H. vermicu- 

 lata MiilL, and others). They devoured the thick, fleshy perianth, and then crept on 

 to another inflorescence. Fruits were only set in flowers visited by snails. 



Baroni (Nuovo Giorn. bot. ital., Firenze, xxv, 1893) says that perhaps earthworms 

 pollinate this species as well as snails and insects. Artificial pollination was effective. 



901. Convallaria L. 



Feebly protandrous pollen flowers, possessing juicy tissue at the base of the 

 ovary '. Septal glands absent, according to Grassmann. 



2804. C. majalis L, (Hildebrand, ' D. Geschlecht-Vert. b. d. Pfl.,' p. 62 ; 

 Herm. MuUer, ' Fertlsn.,' p. 549, ' Alpenblumen/ p. 54; Kerner, 'Nat. Hist. PI.,' 

 Eng. Ed. I, II, pp. 109, 119, 200-1; MacLeod, Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, v, 

 1893, pp. 310-11 ; Schulz, ' Beitrage,' II, pp. 167-8 ; Ludwig, D. bot. Monatsschr., 

 Arnstadt, i, 1883, p. 106 ; Kirchner, 'Flora v. Stuttgart,' p. 70; Knuth, 'Bloemenbiol. 

 Bijdragen'; Warnstorf, Verb. bot. Ver., Berlin, xxxviii, 1896.) — The flowers of this 

 species are devoid of nectar ', but possess a delightful fragrance. In the small, 



' Cf. foot-note on Leucojum aestivum Z. 

 DAVIS, in \i b 



