480 ANGIOSPERMAE — MONOCOTYLEDONES 



2845. J. atratus Krocker. — Flowering is distinctly intermittent in this species. 

 Anthesis lasts 30-2 hours, the female stage occupying about 25. The stigmas 

 are pale purple-red with transparent papillae. 



2846. J. balticus Willd. — This species flowers intermittently in a very marked 

 way. Open flowers can only be found on a few days. Anthesis lasts one day. 



2847. J. bufonius L. — (Batalin, Bot. Ztg., Leipzig, xxix, 1871, pp. 388-92; 

 Ascherson, op. cit., pp. 551-5 ; Haussknecht, op. cit., pp. 802-7.) — Batalin states that 

 in Russia this species possesses only three stamens and always fertilizes itself clei- 

 stogamously. At Halle a. S. Ascherson observed hexandrous, open, lateral flowers 

 as well as triandrous, cleistogamous, terminal ones. The occurrence of chasmogamous 

 flowers was to some extent confirmed by Haussknecht, who found hybrids between 

 this species and J. sphaerocarpus Neis, which is also chasmogamous. Buchenau 

 says that more flowers open in bright weather than when it is dull and damp. 

 Between the star-shaped open hexandrous flowers and the closed (cleistogamous) 

 usually triandrous ones there are transition forms, many flowers opening slightly, 

 but fertilizing themselves cryptantherously, while others remain closed, but their 

 anthers dehisce and phaenantherous self-fertilization takes place. In the chas- 

 mogamous flowers (which do not always open intermittently) the stigmas remain 

 in the perianth. This opens between 5-6 a. m., after a female stage lasting 

 about two hours the hermaphrodite one begins ; towards midday the flowers 

 are closed again. Automatic self-pollination is then possible, the closing perianth 

 leaves depositing the pollen lying on their inner surface upon the stigma. The 

 pollen is white or pale pink in colour, with very long transparent papillae. 



2848. J. capillaceus Lam. — This South American species possesses triandrous, 

 cleistogamous flowers, in addition to the hexandrous, chasmogamous ones. 



2849. J. capitatus Weigel. — This species is partly cleistogamous with quite 

 a short style, and partly chasmogamous with a style half as long as the ovary. 

 In the chasmogamous flowers anthesis lasts one day. There are also transition 

 forms. These imperfectly cleistogamous flowers open a little, so that one can 

 see the tips of the stigmas from above. When the anthers dehisce, their pollen 

 falls upon the stigmas. These are yellowish -white in colour, with transparent 

 papillae. 



2850. J. castaneus Sm. — The flowers of this species only open like a funnel, 

 and their anthesis lasts from 2-3 days : on the first morning the stigmas project, and 

 on the second the anthers dehisce. 



2851. J. Chamissonis Kunth. — The flowers of this species are more or less 

 cleistogamous, but phaenantherous. All the stages are over in one morning. In the 

 most widely opened flowers the tips of the perianth leaves diverge so far that the 

 upper halves of the stigmatic branches become visible, so that although cross- 

 pollination is not impossible it is extremely improbable. 



2852. J. compressus Jacq., and 2853. J. Gerardi Loisel. — These species 

 usually flower intermittently, but some flowers are always open on the intervening 

 days. Anthesis lasts one day. The stigmas are purple-red in colour, with transparent 

 papillae. 



