528 ANGIOSPERMAE—MONOCOTYLEDONES 



1009. Festuca L. 



Beijerinck describes species of Festuca as self-fertile. Herm. Miiller observed 

 the hover-fly Melanostoma mellina Z. as a visitor. 



3042. F. elatior L. (=F. pratensis Buds.). — Kirchner (' Flora v. Stuttgart,' 

 p. 143) sa3's that the anthers are partly red, partly yellow in colour. Hildebrand 

 describes this species as homogamous, with cross- and self-pollination about equally 

 possible. Warnstorf says that the stigmatic branches project far out of the divergent 

 glumes ; the yellow anthers, pendulous on long filaments, usually dehisce after 

 projecting, more rarely inside the tips of the outer glumes as they bend downwards. 



3043. F. pulchella Schrad., and 3044. F. varia Haenke (= F. pumila C/taix). 

 — As the filaments in these species do not bend downwards, but remain rather slifHy 

 stretched out, self-pollination easily takes place (Schroter). 



3045. F. rubra L., var. fallax Thuill, and 3046. F. rupicaprina Hack. — 

 The filaments in this species bend downwards, so that self-pollination is excluded 

 (Schroter). 



3047. F. ovina L. — 



Visitors. — Delpino (Florence) observed beetles (Henicopus hirtus Z. (= H. 

 pilosus Scop.) and Nemognatha sp.) flying with great rapidity from one inflorescence 

 to another (' Ult. oss.,' 11), 



3048. F. arimdinacea Schreb. — This species is homogamous, and its anthers 

 dehisce in the morning. The pollen-grains are white in colour, pyramidal, up to 

 50 fj. long and 31-4 /x broad (Warnstorf, Verb. bot. Ver., Berlin, xxxviii, 1896). 



3049. F. gigantea Vill. — This species is feebly protogynous ; the glumes 

 diveige and the stigmatic branches project widely before 6 a.m., while the anthers 

 are still vertical and closed ; these protrude between 6 and 7 a.m. and dehisce. During 

 the morning the glumes close again, and only the empty anthers hang out. The 

 pollen-grains are pyramidal in form, about 43 /x long and 37 /a broad (Warnstorf, 

 op. cit.). 



loio. Brachypodium Beauv. 



3050. B. pinnatum Beauv. — Kirchner ('Flora v. Stuttgart,' p. 149) says that 

 the stigmas still hang out of the glumes when the anthers have fallen. Warnstorf 

 (Verb. bot. Ver., Berlin, xxxviii, 1896) describes the flowers as homogamous; the 

 glumes diverge before 6 a.m., and the stamens dehisce between 6 and 7 a.m. The 

 stigmatic branches project widely, and the anthers are pendulous on long filaments, 

 autogamy being therefore excluded. The pollen-grains are whitish in colour, 

 pyramidal, up to 46 ^ long and 31-5 yu. broad. 



Visitors. — Herm. Miiller observed a beetle. 



ion. Graphephorum Desv. 



3051. G. arundinaceum Aschers. (= Scolochloa festucacea LmA, Festuca 

 borealis JAr/. ei Koch, Fluminia arundinacea Fries, and Arundo festucacea Willd.). 

 ■ — Hildebrand (' Bestaubungsverh. d. Gramineen ') says that this species is homoga- 

 mous, but the still receptive stigmas project between the already closed glumes after 

 the anthers have dehisced. 



