534 ANGIOSPERMAE—MONOCOTYLEDONES 



the flowers open more widely the anthers dehisce. The stigmas remain outside even 

 after the glumes have closed, and they then gradually shrivel. 



3075. S. saccharatiim Pers. — Kirchner (op. cit.) describes this species as 

 feebly protogynous. The stigmas and anthers project from the tips of the slightly 

 diverging glumes, the ends of the two stigmas protruding at the beginning of 

 anthesis. 



loig. Lolium L. 



3076. L. temulentum L. — Hildebrand (' Bestaubungsverh. d. Gramineen,' 

 p. 758) describes this species as homogamous ; cross- and self-pollination are 

 favoured to about the same extent. 



3077. L. perenne L. — This species, according to Kirchner (' Flora v. 

 Stuttgart,' p. 161), is feebly protogynous, according to Wamstorf, feebly protogynous 

 to homogamous ; the glumes remain closed and the stigmas usually project from 

 them rather earlier than the yellow or violet anthers, which hang downwards on long 

 filaments. The pollen is scattered early in the morning. 



3078. L. multiflonim Lam. — Kirchner (op. cit.) says that in flowers of this 

 species the bright-yellow or grey-violet anthers do not dehisce until they are hanging 

 outside the flower, so that automatic self-pollination does not take place. 



1020. Nardus L. 



3079. N. stricta L. — Axell describes this species as markedly protogynous. 



I02I. Arundinaria Michx. 



3080. A. japonica Sieb. et Zucc. (C. Schroter, Neujahrsblatt d. natf. Ges., 

 Zurich, 1886, quoted by M. Mobius, Mitt, aus d. bot. Gart. zu Frankfurt a. M., Ber. 

 Senckenb. Ges., Frankfurt a. M., iii, 1898, pp. 81-9.) — Schroter states that all the 

 plants of this species cultivated in the Botanic Gardens of Paris, Sceaux, Marseilles, 

 and other places, bloomed in 1867, and 'in such a way that the oldest and youngest 

 shoots were equally affected; even buds just emerging from the ground at once 

 became flowering shoots.* 



3081. A. Simoni A. et C. Rivifere. — This species flowers and fruits under 

 cultivation without dying down like other bamboos. 



1022. Phyllostachys Sieb. et Zucc. 



3082. P. nigro-punctata. — Although this species flowers and fruits freely only 

 two seedlings have been obtained. A plant six feet high blossomed abundantly after 

 a few years. 



1023. Bambusa Schreb. 



3083. B, vulgaris Schrad. — M. Mobius (op. cit., pp. 81-9) observed a 

 characteristic method of flowering in a plant cultivated in the Frankfurt a. M. Botanic 

 Garden. In several successive years fresh flowers were developed on the remains 

 of the spikelets of the preceding season. The stock in question had grown for at 

 least thirty years in the open air, and was transplanted into a flower-pot before it 



