112 



YAED AND GAEDEN 



available food for the joun.i^' plants and tender 

 rootlets. Nature herself, it will be observed, 

 never turns the soil upside down. But in spad- 

 ing up old beds, where it is only necessary to 

 break the ground and pulverize the soil, it may 

 seem impractical to keep the surface soil on the 



Sweet Peas 



surface. It is easily enough accomplished, 

 however, if the old bed was properly prepared 

 in the beginning. Simply insert the spade to 

 the required depth and twist it from side to 

 side, loosening the soil without turning it un- 

 der. 



But no matter what particular process you 



