PRACTICE OF VETERINARY SURGERY 47 
Nebraska, and the court held that ‘‘Laws provid- 
ing for the examination and licensing of persons 
practicing veterinary medicine, and forbidding 
persons not licensed from assuming the title of 
Veterinary Surgeon, is constitutional’’ and hence 
valid.t See §§ 171, 172. 
31. License to Practice. The license is used for 
two purposes in governmental operations. It may 
be for taxing purposes, either directly or indi- 
rectly; or as a means of registration and regula- 
tion of things or acts possibly dangerous to the 
community, or capable of being misused to the 
detriment of the citizens. The direct use for pur- 
poses of taxation refers to such cases as those in 
which the state or city may require the issuance 
before permitting the business or possession. In 
these cases the license fee, or tax, is relatively high, 
though there may be very great differences in the 
amount. An indirect use of the license is shown 
in the operations of the Harrison antinarcotic law. 
This has been attacked as an attempt of the nation 
to use police power within the states, but the court 
has denied this intent. The fee charged is insig- 
nificant, and probably does not pay for the enforce- 
ment of the regulation. However, opium is not 
produced commercially in the United States. 
There has been reason for believing that much of 
the drug has been smuggled into the country, and 
the country has thus been defrauded out of import 
duties in large amounts. By the provisions of the 
Harrison law all lawful holders of opium and its 
4Ex parte Barnes, and, 
Barnes v. State, 83 Neb. 433, 
119 N. W. 662. 
