GENERAL PRINCIPLES 9 
own judgment, and should not be forced by the 
wish of those who are not responsible for his du- 
ties. If he fails to enforce the laws as enacted, he 
may be impeached and removed from office. 
5. Executive Orders, Law? It very frequently 
happens that a statute needs to be supplemented 
by definite regulations in application. When 
these regulations are within the provisions of the 
statute, they have the full force of the original 
statute, and are equally binding. This has given 
rise to the statement often made that executive 
orders have the force of law; but this statement 
is not always true. The executive orders must 
simply provide for the working of the statute as 
enacted, and must not attempt to enlarge the scope 
or meaning of the act. For example: Some years 
ago Congress passed an act providing for the ad- 
mission of animals intended for breeding pur- 
poses, free of duty. The Secretary of the Treas- 
ury, whose duty it is to supervise the collection of 
import duties, made a ruling that animals so ad- 
mitted free must show evidence of superior breed- 
ing. This was probably the intention of the 
Congress in making this exception, as without 
such a reservation it would be an easy matter for 
one to bring over any animal free if it had the 
power of reproduction. However, Congress failed 
to make this statement in the act, and the court 
very properly said that the Secretary’s regulation 
appended to the provisions of the statute another 
restriction. It was therefore not a regulation, but 
new legislation, and was therefore a violation of 
the principle of division of powers (§ 4) and so 
