EXECUTIVE ORGANIZATION 217 
sion for appeal, either to the head of the depart- 
ment, or to a special board composed of the heads 
of the various examining boards of the depart- 
ment, presided over by the chief executive of the 
department. 
173. Health Preservation a Function of the 
State. The matter of health protection is strictly 
a governmental problem, and as such it is the 
function of the state. Even when it is in the care 
of city officials it is not municipal business, but 
it is work entrusted to the city to do for the state. 
So far as possible, therefore, it is necessary for 
efficiency that the local administration be super- 
vised by the state office. 
Not only is the preservation of the public health 
an affair and function of the state, but the citizens 
in distant parts are often quite as much interested 
in proper local sanitation as the citizens of the 
immediate community. If there be scarlet fever 
in a dairy district the neighbors know it, and 
may guard against the infection; but the residents 
of the city where the milk is used are unable to 
protect themselves fully. It is therefore more 
important to the city residents, in this case, than 
for the farmers in the dairy community, that there 
should be an efficient governmental supervision of 
the matters possibly endangering the public 
health. On the other hand, the city which dis- 
charges its sewage improperly into a stream may 
thus endanger the farming community further 
down the stream, and the farmers are therefore 
especially interested in a proper sanitary admin- 
istration of the city. 
There are many things which might be said in 
