PEEFACE TO THE EEPKINT OF 1884. xi 



of anthers were the only ones seen to exsert tubes in 

 the stigmas. 



J. E. Todd ('American Naturalist,' xvi., 1882, 

 p. 281) gives a curious account of Solamim rostratvm, 

 in which the pollen for fertilisation is the product of 

 a single long-curved anther; while the four other 

 anthers are small, and serve to supply pollen to the 

 bees visiting the flower. The stigma is so placed that 

 it receives pollen from the part of the bee dusted by 

 the long anther. 



« 



Cleistogamio Flowers. 



According to P. Ascherson (' Bulletin Soc. Linn, de 

 Paris,' 1880, p. 250),* Helianthemum salicifolium was 

 shown by Linnseus to produce ripe seed from closed 

 flowers. ' Ascherson describes the cleistogamio flowers 

 oi S. Kahiricum and H. Lippii y. mioranthwm, Boiss. 

 Sohweinfurth is given as authority for the existence of 

 cleistogamio flowers in Salvia lanigera. The following 

 species are said to be " often cleistogamio ": Lamium 

 amplexieaule, Jimcus hufonius, Ajuga Iva, Campanula 

 dimorjphantha. 



In a second paper (Sitz. d. Gesch. naturf. Freunde 

 zu Berlin,' 1880, p. 97, quoted in the 'Bot. Centralblatt ') 

 Ascherson gives a further account of the cleistogamy 

 oi Helianthemwrn Kahiricum. The flowers are open in 

 the early morning, so that cross-fertilisation is 

 possible ; the petals fall off in the course of the day, 

 and the sepals closely embrace the stamens and pistils, 

 and thus convert the flower into a cleistogamio one. 



Baron E. Eggers ('Bot. Centralblatt,' 1881, viii., 

 p. 57) states that Sinofis arvensis, when grown in West 

 Indies, produces cleistogamio flowers. 



* As abstracted in tlie ' Bot. Centralblatt.' 



