566 APPLICATION OF METHODS OF BACTERIOLOGY 



is injected in the same way; this may or may not cause 

 disturbance. In the event of its doing so the symptoms are 

 rarely alarming, and, if the vaccines have been properly 

 prepared and tested before use, all symptoms disappear 

 within a short time after the injection. 



In the large majority of cases sheep, bovines, horses, and 

 mules may be safely protected against anthrax by the careful 

 practice of this method. 



Sobernheim'- found that it was possible to bring about a 

 high degree of immunity against bacterium anthracis by 

 means of the vaccines 1 and 2 of Pasteur, with subsequent 

 inoculations of virulent organisms. He employed the serum 

 of animals thus immunized in the treatment of sheep that 

 had been injected with highly virulent anthrax bacteria. 

 Five sheep were treated in this way, and all of them recovered 

 with only slight rise in temperature and moderate infiltra- 

 tion at the point of injection, while control animals died 

 very promptly. 



He further^ reports an improvement on the method of 

 •protective inoculation against anthrax in which he uses a 

 combination of anthrax vaccines and immune serum, in 

 which the results are far more satisfactory than with the 

 anthrax vaccines alone. He states that this new method 

 has the following advantages over the Pasteur method: 

 (1) That the immunization can be carried out without 

 losing any of the animals; (2) that it can be completed 

 in one day; (3) that stronger and more active cultures 

 can be employed and therefore a more durable immunity 

 obtained; and (4) that the serum alone can be employed as 

 a curative agent. 



' Berliner klin. Wochensrhr., 1897. 

 2 Ibid., 1902, p. 516. 



