498 



COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY. 



science, Gall recognized and taught that the encephalon is a col- 

 lection of organs ; that these have separate functions ; that the 

 relative size of each determines the degree of its functional ac- 

 tivity ; and that the cranium developing in proportion to the 

 growth of the brain, the former might give information as to 

 the probable size of what lay beneath it in different regions. 

 It will be seen that, as thus interpreted, phrenology is a very 

 different thing from what usually passes under that name, and 

 is paraded before wondering audiences by ignorant charlatans. 

 In the main the doctrines of Gall are not without a certain 

 foundation in facts ; and the modem theory of localization of 

 function bears some resemblance to what Gall taught, though 

 with greater limitations. 



Fi6. 358.— Outer surface of cerebrum (after Exner). The shaded portion represents 

 t/ie motor area in man and the monliey— i. e., the area which most ohservers be- 

 lieve to be associated with certain voluntary movements of the limbs, etc. 



In the mean time it has been found that in many cases it 

 was possible to locate the site of a brain-lesion (tumor, etc.) by 

 the symptoms, chiefly motor, of the patient; and brain-surgery 



