LOCOMOTION. 



619 



The arrangement of the hom-tubes, the homy laminae (Figs. 

 467, 468), and the horn-cells is admirably adapted to form a 

 somewhat yielding yet very resisting structure. 



Fig. 467. — Horizontal section of junction of wall with sole of hoof, a, wall with its 

 horn-tubes; 6, b, homy lamina! projecting from wall; c, c, horn-tabes formed by 

 terminal villi of vascular laminse, the horn surrounding them and occupying the 

 spaces between ihe horny lamina constituting the "white line"; d, homy sole 

 with its tubes. 



Kegarded from a mechanical point of view, for speed a 

 quadruped requires rather long limbs, so set on a somewhat 

 rigid trunk as to allow of a long as well as a rapidly repeated 

 stride, without undue concussion to either of the more rigid 



Fig. 468. — ^Horizontal section of wall and homy and vascular laminae to show junction 

 of latter and laminellae. a, inner portion of wall with laminse arising from it; 6, 

 vascular laminse; c, borny lamina of average length; c', c', unusually short lami- 

 nje; c'*,c", laminells? on the sides of the horny lamins; d, vascula lamina passing 

 between two horny ditto; d'^ vascular lamina passing between three homy lami- 

 nfe; d", lateral laminellse; e, e, arteries of vascular lamina which have been in- 

 jected. 



cortical parts. In the horse the fore-limbs are not attached to 

 the trunk by osseous connections, but the animal may be said 

 to be slung between its fore-limbs, all connections with the 

 trunk being by soft parts, as muscles, tendons, and ligaments. 



