JUDGING THE DAIRY TYPE OF CATTLE 



311 



with strong blood circulation. It is usually easy to locate 

 the wells at the ends of the two more important veins, but 

 the minor ones are not so easily found. Most of the present 

 day scales of points applied to dairy cows include reference 



to the size of the 

 milk well. 



The escutcheon 

 theory, according 

 to the official 

 French report," 

 "is founded on the 

 a r r a n gement o r 

 disposition of the 

 hair, in a space 

 commencing at the 

 upper extremity of 

 the vulva, and de- 

 scendingto the 

 roots of the teats, 

 winding as it de- 

 scends, covering the 

 inner and hind 

 parts of the thigh. 

 It is from the ar- 

 rangement of the 

 hair in this space 

 that the deductions 

 are made as to the quantity, duration and quality 

 of the milk." This theory was originated by a 

 Frenchman named Guenon who, in 1828, requested 

 the Academy of Bordeaux to investigate his theory, 

 which was done, but not until 1837. Guenon divided all 

 cows into ten classes or families, and each of these into three 

 sizes, large, medium, small. The cows in each class, depend- 

 ing on size, were grouped into six orders, according to the 



" A Treatise on Milch Cows, by M. Francis Guenon, translated by N. P. 

 Trist, New York, If-oS, r. C 



Pig. 177. — "The surface of the escutcheon is 

 distinguished by its upward growing hair." 



