DUAL-PURPOSE BREEDS OF CATTLE 357 



Points 



Hips — Wide, rounding over the hooks, and well covered 3 



Quarters — Of good length, full, rounding and level; thighs wide, roomy 



and not too meaty <5 



Objections: Promvnent hooks and sunken quarters. 

 Tall — Tail head strong and setting well forward, long and tapering to 



a full switch 2 



Legs — Short, straight, squarely placed, medium bone 3 



Objections: Hocks crooked; legs placed too close together. 

 Fore udder — Full, flexible, reaching well forward, extending down level 



with hind udder 10 



Hind udder — Full and well up behind 10 



Teats — Well placed, wide apart and of reasonably good size 4 



Objections: Lack of development, especially in forward udder. Vdder 

 too deep, "bottle-shaped," and teats too close together. Teats un- 

 evenly placed and either too large or too small. 

 Milk veins — Of medium size, full, flexible, extending well forward, well 



retained within the body; milk wells of medium size 6 



Hide — Loose, mellow, flexible, inclined to thickness, with a good full coat 



of soft hair . . 5 



Objections: Thin, papery skin or wiry hair. 

 Condition — Healthy, moderate to liberal flesh, evenly laid on; glossy 



coat; animal presented in full bloom 10 



Total 100 



Bull. 



Note — In the standard for the bull, the description applied to color, chest, 

 back and ribs, hips, tail, legs, hide and condition, and disqualifications, are 

 the same as those for the cow, and the same points are accorded in each 

 case, excepting the chest, where 12 are given the bull instead of 10. All 

 other descriptions differ from those applied to the cow, and so are herewith 

 specified. 



Points 

 Head — Wide, strong and masculine, relatively short. Poll stronger and 

 less prominent than in a cow. Ears of medium size and well carried; 



eyes prominent; muzzle wide with large nostrils 12 



Objections: Long, narrow or lacking in masculine character. 

 Neck — Of medium length, full crest, of good thickness, strong, of mas- 

 culine appearance 5 



Shoulder — Of medium thickness and smoothly laid, coming up level with 



line of back 8 



Objections: Shoulder too prominent, giving the appearance of weakness 

 in heart girth, shoulder protruding above line of back. 

 Quarters — Of good length, full rounding and level; thighs wide and mod- 

 erately full, deep € 



Objections: Prominent hocks and sunken quarters. 



Eudimentaries — Large, wide apart and placed well forward 12 



Position of rudimentaries 6 



Objections: Rudimentaries placed hack on scrotum, or placed too close 

 together, indicating tendency to transmit badly formed udders. 

 General Description — Strong, impressive, low set, and of good carriage. 

 Weight 1,800 pounds to 2-,000 pounds when mature and finished. 



The Devon breed of cattle originated in Devonshire, in 

 southwest England, and is a very ancient one. There are 



