31 
cetes gramineus), Savanna Sparrow (Ammodramus sandwichensis sa- 
vanna), and the Mourning Dove (Zenaidura macroura). There was 
also great movement among the Hawks and Ducks, and among the 
Waders of the genus Totanus. To appreciate the full effect of this 
wave, observations must extend over nearly the whole of the Missis- 
sippi Valley north of Saint Louis. The warm wave was felt almost to 
British America, and everywhere it started the birds northward. Ow- 
ing to lack of notes the movements in the immediate vicinity of Saint 
Louis cannot be followed. The few stations in that section that have 
furnished reports made no mention of any special movement and noticed 
but few arrivals, the principal one being that of the Brown Thrush. To 
the northward, however, the case was very different. The warm weather 
reached Iowa the following day (March 23) and the general character 
of the reports from Iowa and southern Wisconsin is well expressed by 
the following remarks from the observer at Waukon, Iowa (lat. 43° 15’): 
“We had a pleasant fall, and a severe winter until the middle of March. 
Since then it has been mild and pleasant until about April1. Spring 
really began about March 23, and the first wave of birds came then. 
That was the greatest day for migration of birds Il eversaw. The bulk 
of Robins, Bluebirds, Ducks, and Geese came, and hundreds of Black- 
birds came also.” (E. M. HANcocK.) 
Between Waukon and Saint Louis most of the reports mention ar- 
rivals which agree very closely with the birds of the fourth wave at 
Saint Louis. There is not enough uniformity in these reports, however, 
to indicate with positiveness that the birds of the fourth wave spread 
over this section during the night of March 22, but there is a general 
tendency in this direction, so that it may be said that the arrivals re- 
ported March 23 over much of Iowa and southern Wisconsin were such 
as would have been noted had the fourth wave passed over during the 
previous night. The principal exceptions occurred along the courses of 
the larger rivers, where the arrivals were somewhat earlier (that is, 
about March 20). North of Waukon the movemeuts of the first wave 
only were recorded. In favored localities the effects began to be no- 
ticed March 23, but in the majority of cases the following vay witnessed 
the great advance. The results of this wave are easily traced to lati- 
tude 45°, and in the neighborhood of the Mississippi and Missouri 
rivers to latitude 46°. Some idea of the magnitude of the flight of 
birds which took place March 23 may be had from the report from Heron 
Lake, Minnesota (latitude 43° 48’), with which the report from Storm 
Lake, Iowa (latitude 42° 37’), agrees almost exactly. It was the first 
wave of real migration, and brought Mallards, Pintails, Gadwalls, Wid- 
geons, Big and Little Scaups, Golden-eyes, Red-heads, Canvas-backs, 
Butter-balls, Green-winged Teal, Hooded and American Sheldrakes, 
Spoon-billed Ducks or Shovellers, Brant, Herring Gulls, Coots, Killdeer 
Plovers, Ravens, large numbers of Blackbirds, and one Meadowlark. 
Most of the species appeared in great numbers and some of the Ducks 
