37 
May 10. L. Yellow-rumped and Black-throated Green Warblers, Blue-headed Vireo, Swamp Sparrow, 
Yellow-bellied Woodpecker (female). : 
11. Night: Clear, calm; wind northwest; warm, thermometer 69° to 64°; moonlight. 
Birds arrive. : 
Day: In forenoon bright, in afternoon overcast, rainy; wind north to northeast. ; 
A gteat day for migration ; oak woods full of T. V. birds going north all day. Mourning Doves 
present in great numbers; White-throated Sparrows ene ) in large flocks, and the same of 
young Olive-backed Thrushes, Bobolinks, Red-winged Blackbirds (temale), and Blue Jays in 
flocks going north; Double-crested Cormorants (young), two parties go north ; Nighthawks 
at great heights; also Waders (species unknown) going north. . : 
T. V. present of Wood Thrash, Warbling Vireo, Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Baltimore Oriole, 
Red-headed Woodpecker, Scarlet Tanager. 
H. Wood Pewee, Traill’s Flycatcher, Bell’s Vireo. 
¥. Bay-breasted Warbler, Blackburnian Warbler, Canadian Flycatching Warbler, Summer 
Redbird (young). 
B. A, Purple Martin (young), Redstart (young, one year old). 
12. Night: Cloudy, calm; wind northeast; foggy. No arrivals, but decrease of many. 
Day: Clearing; in afternoon thunder-storm. : 
B. D. Wood Thrush (T. V.), Olive-backed Thrush, White-throated Sparrow (young), White- 
crowned Sparrow, Mourning Dove (‘T. V.), Red-headed Woodpecker (T. V.), Yellow-breasted 
Chat (T. V.), Least Flycatcher. 
13. Night: Threatening, calm; wind west; rainy. ; 
Day: Falling temperature; cloudy; wind northwest. No new birds. ‘T. V. getting scarce. 
B. D. Biack-poll, Chestuut-sided, ‘Nashville, and Tennessee Warblers. 
14. Cool; wind northwest. 
15. Slowly rising temperature; wind west. Yesterday and to-day but few T. V. present. 
16. Night: Clear, calm; wind southwest; thermometer 68°. 
Day; bright; wind northeast. 
17. Night: Clear, calm; wind southeast; thermometer 68°. In these two days birds move and 
the rear guard arrives, 
B.A. Bobolink (female and young male), Alice’s Thrush, Black-throated Bunting (female), 
Mockingbird (young), Barn Swallow (young). 
L._ Kingbird (T. V.), Traill’s Flycatcher (T. V.), Mourning Dove (T.V.), Black and Yellow 
Warbler, Nashville Warbler, White-throated Sparrow, White-crowned Sparrow, Least Fly- 
catcher, Black-capped Flycatching Warbler. 
18. High south wind; thunder-storm. 
19. Strong west wind; cool. 2 
20. North wind. L. Lincoln's Sparrow, Bobolink. 
21. South wind; clear, calm, F. Connecticut Warbler, Mourning Warbler. L. Tennessee Warbler, 
Wilson’s Thrush, Canadian Flycatching Warbler. 
22.South wind. L. Double-crested Cormorant, Solitary Tattler. 
23, Wind southeast, shifting to northwest. 
24. Wind northwest; cool. 
25. Wind northwest; L. Alice’s Thruso, Black-poll Warbler. 
26. Wind northwest; L.. Olived-backed Thrush. : 
27. North wind; L. Nighthawk (fourteen T. V. go north in the evening). 
PROGRESS OF VEGETATION AND AWAKENING OF ANIMAL LIFE IN THE 
MISSISSIPPI VALLEY DURING THE SPRING OF 1884. 
This subject will be treated from the south northward in steps or 
sections of two degrees each, beginning with Jatitude 28° and extending 
to latitude 53°, or over 25 degrees of latitude. Thus it will be seen 
that the observations cover a tract of country 1,750 miles in length. 
In studying each section the endeavor has been to make the dates in- 
dicate fair averages for the middle of the section. For example, in 
the section which extends from latitude 38° to latitude 40°, the dates 
are as exact as possible for latitude 39°. For the southern half they 
would. then be a day or two earlier, and for the northern part somewhat 
Jater. It is also intended that the dates shall express average time; 
for instance, in the appearance of flowers, one observer, in a sunny and 
well protected nook, finds the “first flower” while the rest of the coun- 
try is bleak and bare. Another does not consider it proper to record 
flowers as present until they can be found almost anywhere. In giving 
dates of flowering, an average has been taken of the several dates re- 
ceived, with a leaning toward the earlier. The same remark applies to 
the other dates treated in this chapter. The number of observers in 
the first five sections is so deplorably insufficient for the extent of the 
country that the dates must be considered as the merest approxima- 
