70 
3. In the fall of 1884 the first migrant was reported from Des Moines, 
Iowa, October 18. The bulk arrived there October 25, and the last was 
seen November 10. 
In the spring of 1885 the first Wood Ducks were seen at Shawnee- 
town, Ill., February 47; at Mount Carmel, Mo., March 17; Des Moines, 
Iowa, March 19; Emporia, Kans., March 29; Laporte City, lowa, March 
26; and during the first five days of April they were noted from Heron 
Lake, Lanesboro, Lake City, Excelsior, Minneapolis, and Elk River, 
Minn., and from Durand, Wis. In the fall of 1885 they began to come 
out from their breeding places and fly on the river at Shawneetown, 
Iil., August 20. The last at Heron Lake, Minn., was seen October 
13; at Saint Louis, Mo., the bulk arrived September 22. 
146, Aythya americana (Byt.). [618.] Redhead, 
Breeds in Manitoba and the northern tier of States; range much the 
same as that of the Canvas-back, but more abundant than it in the 
Southern States. At Moss Point, Miss., in 1883, they came about the 
middle of November, and were abundant all winter. Mr. Wood, of Moss 
Point, says that about March 1 they collect on the islands, load them- 
sige with sand, and when a favorable wind comes they go with it.* 
They were a common winter resident at San Angelo, Tex., and great 
flocks were still present March 5, 1884. March 8 they nae to latitude 
39° 12’, in Kansas; March 11 they were at latitude 38° 40’, in Missouri; 
March 12 at latitude 41° 40’, in Iowa; March 14 at latitude 38° 55/, in 
Kansas; March 15 at latitude 41° 36’, in Illinois; March 22 at latitude 
42° 18’,in Iowa; March 24 at latitude 42° 56’, in Dakota, and at latitude 
43° 48’, in Minnesota, at both of which places they breed; March 25 
they were at latitude 41° 58’, in Illinois, and April 18 at latitude 44° 
32',in Minnesota. April 16 they came to Portage la Prairie, Mani- 
toba. 
In the fall of 1884 the first Redhead was seen at Des Moines, Iowa, 
October 10, and the last November 15. In 1883 the first came to San 
Angelo, Tex., where it is common in winter, October 1. 
In the spring of 1885 the records were irregular. The species was 
recorded from Emporia, Kans,, March 2; Heron Lake, Minn., March 29, 
and irregularly from intermediate points. The most southern breeding 
record came from Clear Lake, Iowa. 
In the fall of 1885 the first was seen at Iowa City, Iowa, October 6, 
and the last at Heron Lake, Minn., November 26. At Saint Louis, 
Mo., the first was seen October 16, and the bulk arrived October 24. 
147. Aythya vallisneria (Wils.). [617.] Canvas-back. 
Rather rare away from the coast in winter, but has been known to 
occur in southern Illinois. A few breed at Heron Lake, Minn., and 
[* Ihave heard the same habit attributed to Ducks in Newfoundland and other 
places, but am not aware that there are any facts on which the notion is based.— 
C.H.M.] 
