135 
movements of this species and those of C. auratus, though it is probable 
that a greater percentage of C. cafer go farther north to breed. At 
Manhattan, Kans., it was recorded as merely a winter bird, arriving 
December 8, and it was seen occasionally through the winter. In the 
spring of 1884, at Manhattan, the bulk arrived from the south March 
15, and April 1 the last was seen. At Caddo, ind. Ter., it was not seen 
until January 11, but after that date was common during the rest of the 
winter. It was rare near town, staying in or near the bottom-land. I 
do not think it ever remained to breed. At San Angelo, Tex., it was 
also marked as merely a winter resident, not breeding. Considering the 
two species and the variety once known as hybridus as they occur to- 
gether at Caddo, Ind. Ter., we find that auratus arrives early in the fall 
and is a common winter resident; few, ifany, breed there. After auratus 
has practically completed its fall migration and settled down to winter 
numbers, C. cafer and C. auratus hybridus came in together, and during the 
coldest weather all three are found in about equal numbers in heavy 
timber land, though C. cafer perhaps is the most abundant. It has been 
said that il is impossible to distinguish one species from the other with- 
out shooting them, but auratus and cafer can be easily distinguished by 
the difference in their call notes. 
416. Antrostomus carolinensis (Gmel.). [353.] Chuck-will’s-widow. 
This is the southern Whippoorwill, and though it occurs as far north 
as southern Illinois (in some counties of which it is quite common), itis 
more abundant in the Gulf States, from which came all the notes con- 
tributed by our observers. In the spring of 1884 it was seen at Rodney, 
Miss., April 14, aud the next day at Yazoo City. April 13, it came to 
Gainesville, Tex. It was found breeding at N ewport, Ark. 
In the spring of 1885 the only records received on the migration of 
the Chuck-will’s Widow were notes of its appearance at Gainesville 
Tex., April 10, and at San Antonio, Tex., April 28. 
417. Antrostomus vociferus (Wils.). [|354.] Whippoorwill, 
' A common summer resident in Manitoba and the Mississippi Valley 
east of the Plains. In the spring of 1884 it appeared in eastern Concho 
County, Tex., where it was a summer resident, March 6. As it was not 
seen at Rodney and Yazoo City, Miss., until the last two days of 
March, it constitutes an exception to the general rule that species ar- 
rive earliest near the Mississippi River. The notes on this species, 
though quite numerous, are peculiar in that they do not contain a single 
record of the arrival of bulk, departure of bulk, or last. East of the 
Mississippi the rest of the record, omittin g irregular occurrences, is as 
follows: April 15 they reached latitude 33° 34’ in Mississippi and lati- 
tude 36° 31’ in Tennessee; April 27 they were recorded at latitude 40° 
03’ in Illinois; April 29 at latitude 41° 10’ in Illinois,‘and the next day 
at Chicago, latitude 41° 51’. They reached latitude 41° 58/ in Illinois 
May 1; Milwaukee, Wis., latitude 43°, May 3,and Green Bay, Wis., 
