159 
seen at Lanesboro, Minn., and either winter residents or very early 
migrants were seen at New Cassel, Wis., January 27. From the records 
for the spring of 1885 it is easy to trace two routes and times of migra- 
tion. The first was along the Mississippi River. The enormous num- 
bers which roosted at Saint Louis, Mo., March 2, began to decrease 
rapidly after March 4. At Excelsior, Minn., they arrived March 1; at 
Minneapolis, Minn., March 7 and March 9 (two observers); at Elk 
River, Minn., March 14; Saint Cloud, Minn., March 11,and White Earth, 
Minn., March 20, The second line of migration was over the prairie 
along the valleys of the Missouri River and the Red River of the North. 
The first came to Emmetsburgh, Iowa, March 26; Grand View, Dak., 
March 30; Rochester, Minn., March 31; Argusville, Dak., March 31; 
Menoken, Dak., March 31; and probably also on the same day to Moor- 
head, Minn. (latitude 46° 56’); for although ‘I saw none there until the 
next day, yet their abundance then (about two hundred being seen) 
would indicate that some of them had come the day before (March 31). 
On this same migrating route they reached Two Rivers, Manitoba, 
April 2, and Shell River, Manitoba, April 3. They were reported from 
Oak Point, Manitoba, March 28, and Ossowo, Manitoba, March 29; 
which fact seems to indicate that the crows which appeared ‘at these 
two places had come by way of the Mississippi River. Continuing the 
comparison between Oak Point and Shell River, we find that although 
Shell River is half a degree farther south the average date of arrival 
was later than at Oak Point. Out of fourteen of the more common 
birds which were reported by both stations, two arrived at both places 
the same day, three came to Shell River an average of three days 
earlier than to Oak Point, and nine came to Oak Point an average of 
five days earlier than to Shell River. 
In the fall of 1885 the Crows began to go to roost in numbers at 
Saint Louis, Mo., September 24; the bulk arrived October 27, and very 
many were present November 1. 
Mr. Lloyd states that in the eastern part of Concho County, Tex., 
Crows breed in colonies early in May. 
490. Corvus ossifragus Wils. [283.] Fish Crow. 
The home of the Fish Crow is in the South Atlantic and Gulf States, 
where it is resident, especially along the coast. It is common in south- 
ern Louisiana. 
’ 
491. Picicorvus columbianus (Wils.). [284.] Clarkes Nutcracker. 
Dr. Agersborg furnished the only record from the observers for this 
Rocky Mountain bird, he having taken it as an accidental visitant at 
Vermillion, Dak., in October, 1883. Professor Aughey saw it once 
in Nebraska. 
492. Cyanocephalus cyanocephalus (Wied). [285.] Maximilian’s Nutcracker ; 
: Pifion Jay. 
A rare visitant from the Rocky Mountain region. October 23, 1875, 
three specimens were killed near Lawrence, Kans. (Snow). 
