180 
The last was seen at Mount Carmel November 2. The first came to 
Saint Louis, Mo., September 17, and an increase was noticed October 
17. 
518. Carpodacus cassini Baird. [169.] Cassin’s Purple Finch. 
The usual home of this species is in the Rocky Mountain region, but 
it occurs in Texas. In the spring of 1884, at Gainesville, Tex., Mr. 
Ragsdale saw the first March 13. ‘ 
521. Loxia curvirostra minor (Brehm). [172.] American Crossbill. 
Both the Red and the White-winged Crossbills breed and are resi- 
dent in Minnesota, and in winter come a little farther south, occasion- 
ally as far as Kansas. Though noted by the observers in their lists, yet 
not a single record was made during the winter of 1883~84. 
How different therecord for 1885! The winter of 188485 was marked 
ornithologically, in the Upper Mississippi Valley, by the great abun- 
dance of Crossbills of both species. They arrived at Paris, IIl., the mid- 
dle of November (1884); increased daily, and in December the flocks 
contained from thirty to fifty birds. None were seen during January 
(1885), but they were in good force again February 3. The bulk de- 
parted in April, and the last were seen during the first week in May. 
At Shawneetown, Ill., the first came December 24, 1884; they were next 
seen March 25, and again April 2. No regular migratory movemeut 
can be traced, but they seem to have been most common in Wisconsin 
and Illinois the last week of March and the first half of April, ard to 
have left early in May. In Milwaukee, thirty-nine birds were brought 
to one taxidermist March 28, and they were abundant for the next three 
weeks at Lake Mills, Wis. Several hundred were seen during the 
spring at Jefferson, Wis., ana they were also noted at Durand, Green 
Bay, Ripon, Delavan, and Clinton, in Wisconsin, and at Rockford, 
Hennepin, and Odin, in Hlinois. In Iowa they stayed all winter at 
Coralville, and were seen April 18 at Knoxville (fifty birds) and May 1 
at Grinnell. The latest records are: Hennepin, Ill., May 18; Coralville, 
Towa, May 21; and Milwaukee, Wis., May 25. Many of both species of 
Crossbills were seen at Elk River, Minn., the last week in March. In 
the fall of 1885 a flock re-appeared at Milwaukee, Wis., November 7. 
521a. Loxia curvirostra stricklandi Ridgw. (172a.) Mexican Crossbill. 
In the fall of 1885 numbers of these southwestern Crossbills invaded 
eastern Kansas. November 5 Prof. L. L. Dyche shot several from a 
small flock at Lawrence; November 21 Prof. D. E. Lantz killed three 
out of a flock of twelve at Manhattan; and December 23 Mr. V. L. 
Kellogg shot a pair out of a flock of twelve at Emporia (Revised Cat. 
Bds. Kansas, Goss, 1886, p. 40). At Lawrence Professor Dyche first 
observed the birds November 1 (1885), and he last saw them January 
26 (1886). During this period he secured forty specimens, twenty of 
each sex. (The Auk, Vol. III, 1886, pp. 258-259). 
