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of bulk; March 23, many, noisy, conspicuous; March 31, transients in parties of six 
to eight; April 1, summer residents carrying building material; April 4, last tran- 
sient; April 17 to 19, singing, fighting, love making; May 24, first young out of nest. 
At Manhattan, Kans., two broods are reared in a season; the first 
young are hatched early in May; the nests are almost invariably built 
upon the ground; the second brood is hatched in June, and the nests 
are almost uniformly built in bushes from 2 to 7 feet from the ground. 
In the fall of 1884 the last Chewink was seen at Des Moines, Iowa, 
August 29; the bulk left Mount Carmel, Mo., October 20, and the last 
October 27; at San Angelo, Tex., the first came September 29, and by 
October 9 they were common. 
In the spring of 1885 there was almost a double set of notes for this 
species. The second record, in at least half the cases, was a week or 
more later than the first, instead of a day or two later, as is the rule 
with most birds. At Saint Louis, Mo., the first came March 10, and 
the bulk of males on the 14th; and on this latter date the first one was 
seen at Shawneetown, Ill. Two days before this the second was seen 
at Odin, IIl., the first having come long before. The first reached 
Paris, Ill., March 27, the day before it was noted at Manhattan, Kans. 
Then there was a double movement, ‘The first wave (from April 1 to 
April 6) brought large numbers of Chewinks to southern Iowa, and a 
sprinkling to various points in northern Illinois. The second occurred 
after an interval of two weeks, and brought a second set of firsts” to 
Jowa and Illinois on April 20, April 21, and April 22, and passed on to 
latitude 45°, in Wisconsin and Minnesota. After another pause, Elk 
River, Minn., was reached May 6; Menoken, Dak., May 12; White 
Earth, Minn., May 16 (many were seen), and Oak Point, Manitoba, May 
18. The last left Bonham, Tex., April 14, and Gainesville, Tex., May 12. 
In the fall of 1885 the Jast Chewink was reported from Elk River, 
Miun., September 29; from Lanesboro, Minn., November 8; Grinnell, 
Iowa, October 17; Iowa City, Iowa, October 17; and Des Moines, Iowa, 
October 7. AtSaint Louis, Mo., Chewinks were common in large flocks 
September 23; the bulk arrived October 5; they were most numerous 
from October 6 to October 12; the bulk departed October 20, and the 
last transient was seen November 11. At Mount Carmel, Mo., the last 
was seen December 16. The first migrant reached Bonham, Tex., No- 
vember 11, and they became common November 16. 
588. Pipilo maculatus arcticus (Swains.). [238.] Arctic Towhee. 
1n our district this Towhee occurs in Texas, Indian Territory, Kansas, 
Nebraska, and Dakota. In winter it is found from western Kansas 
southward. Mr. Lloyd states that it is a tolefably common winter resi- 
dent in Tom Green and Concho Counties, Tex. At Ellis, Kans., in 1884, 
the first was seen April 27. At Manhattan it was probably heard March 
15; the first was seen March 19; the bulk came April 26; the species 
was still abundant May 3; the bulk left May 10; aud the last was seen 
May 12. 
