215 
In the spring of 1885 the first Arctic Towhee was seen at Manhattan, 
Kans., February 25; the second March 7, and was common April 26. 
In migration, at Manhattan, Kans., the Arctic Towhee is much more 
abundant than the eastern species. In the autumn they linger until 
late in the winter, sometimes remaining with erythrophthalmus during 
the entire winter. In the spring they arrive in large numbers after 
erythrophthalmus, and remain about two weeks. 
590. Pipilo chlorurus (Towns.). [239.] Green-tailed Towhee. 
’ The home of this species is in the interior plateau region of the United 
States, from the western border of the plains to the Sierra Nevada, 
from about latitude 40° south into Mexico. Several years ago it was 
taken in southwestern Texas, and February 25, 1885, Mr. Harry Att- 
water took a specimen at San Antonio, Tex. Mr. Lloyd has recently 
published the following in regard to its occurrence in Texas: 
The bird must be spreading east, as I see it as far east as the head draws of the 
Middle Concho. Common on the east side of Pecos River. Probably breeds. 
591. Pipilo fuscus mesoleucus (Baird). (240.] Caiton Towhee. 
This Towhee occurs as far north as Colorado, but enters our district 
in Texas only, where Mr. Lloyd found it a tolerably common resident in 
Tom Green County. 
593. Cardinalis cardinalis (Linn.). [242.] Cardinal. 
The Cardinal inhabits all of the Mississippi Valley east of the plains 
and south of southern Nebraska and southern Lowa, and has been found 
occasionally in Minnesota. South of latitude 41° it is stationary, 
while north of this parallel some remain in the wiuter, but most go 
south. Dr. Watson gave it as rare at Ellis, Kans., but Mr, Lloyd found 
it common at San Angelo, Tex. Mr. Widwann said of its winter habits 
at Saint Louis: “It is here one of the most numerous of the winter 
birds, occurring in pairs, family groups, and flocks, and remaining at or 
near the breeding grounds all winter. In hard times corn is the chief 
attraction.” At Caddo, Ind. Ter., its habits were somewhat different. 
During the fall, Cardinals were found among the thick, tall weed 
patches around the cotton fields; they were silent and so shy that they 
were seldom seen, sheltering themselves in the almost impenetrable 
mass of foliage. During the latter part of November, when most of the 
leaves had fallen, they retreated to the thickets along the stream. Here 
they staid in great numbers until real winter, when they began to flock 
into town, and as long as snow lasted they could be found everywhere 
around the houses where not one had been seen for several months. A 
warm period would find them back in the thickets, only to return with 
the next cold snap. The most northern record received was from Iowa 
City, Iowa, where one was seen April 17, but it may have been an es- 
caped cage-bird. 
In the spring of 1885 two Cardinals were seen in January at Morning 
Sun, Iowa, but they were not recorded during the winter of 188485 
