233 
Mr. Widmann gives it as the prevailing form, the White-rump rarely 
occurring. The full record at Saint Louis is as follows: 
First seen January 31, and again February 2; the bulk did not arrive until March 
22, and the next day they began mating. Three nests were found April 11, and on May 
31 young birds were flying around, led by their parents, which seemed to have under- 
gone a bleaching process, looking much lighter than two months before.” 
622a. Laniusludovicianus excubitorides (Swains.). [149a.] White-rumped Shrike. 
This is the common Shrike of the Mississippi Valley. It breeds abun- 
dantly in western Manitoba, and is resident in the southern part of its 
range, but retires in winter from the northern portion. At Caddo, Ind. 
Ter., it is a common summer resident, and many remain through the 
winter. In western Texas it isan abundant resident. No special migra- 
tory movement was observed south of the middle districts. It was 
recorded as reaching central Iowa March 24, and the vicinity of Minne- 
apolis, Minn., March 31. Mr. 8. W. Willard did not find it at West De 
Pere, Wis., until April4. The limit of its northern range is in the neigh- 
borhood of latitude 549. 
Tn the spring of 1885 the White-ruamped Shrike was seen at Chicago, 
Ill., March 3; and the same species came to Clinton, Wis., April 4; 
Grinnell, Iowa, April5; Lake City, Minn., April 4, and New Richmond, 
Wis., April 11. Mr. Lloyd says of its habits in western Texas: 
_ It lives on grasshoppers when it can procure them, and in winter, when the 
weather is severe, takes to carrion. I found one in January, 1884, so gorged from 
feeding on a dead sheep that it could not fly. In the Davis Mountains it lives in 
winter on Jarge coleoptera. In spring it occasionally kills birds. I have seen Spiz- 
ella socialis arizone, Vireo belli, Polioptila cerulea, and others amongst its victims, 
and in summer it has a fancy for nestlings. It is usually very tame. (The Auk, 
Vol. IV, 1887, p. 295.) 
624, Vireo olivaceus (Linn.), [135.] Red-eyed Vireo. 
Breeds throughout Manitoba and the Mississippi Valley, after win- 
tering below our southern border, which, in 1884, it crossed late in 
March, appearing at Gainesville, Tex., April 5. ‘It was recorded from 
Saint Louis April 26; from latitude 39° 12’, in Kansas, April 30; and 
latitude 40° 8’, in Illinois, May 1. A week later, May 8, it was noted 
from latitude 40° 50’, inIowa. It reached Waukon, Iowa, (lat. 43° 15’) 
May 18, and the next night several were killed by the electric light at 
La Crosse, Wis. (lat, 439 45’). The bulk was noted from latitude 43° 43’, 
in Minnesota, May 25, after the first had come to latitude 44° 26’, in 
Wisconsin, May 21. 
In the fall of 1884 the bulk of Red-eyed Vireos left Williamstown, 
Iowa, August 28, and none were seen afterward. 
In the spring of 1885 the first was seen at San Angelo, Tex., April 
9; at Gainesville, Tex., April 17, and at Manhattan, Kans., April 29. 
Eastward it came to Saint Louis and Mount Carmel, Mo., April 21, and 
the next was seen at, each of these places April 24. At Paris, IIL, it was 
reported April 28; Newton, Iowa, May 1; Waukon, Iowa, May 13; 
Lanesboro, Minn., May 14, and New Richmond, Wis., May 23. 
