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Kansas; although seen quite often in Nebraska, it is not known to nest 
there. Its stay at Saint Louis was unusually short, lasting only fron 
May 6 to May 15, while in 1883 it arrived April 27 and left May 24. 
In the spring of 1885 the Chestnut-sided Warbler was one of the few 
species seen at Mount Carmel, Mo., before its arrival was noted at 
Saint Louis. Although Mount Carmel is only afew miles north of 
Saint Louis, and not many miles west, yet comparison of an extensive 
series of notes from the two places shows that the arrival of birds at 
Mount Carmel averages several days later than at Saint Louis. The 
cause of this is not difficult to determine. The-Mississippi River is the 
great highway of travel for the birds as they come from the south, but 
when they reach Saint Louis the ranks divide, and those which choose 
the valley of the Missouri River move for several days in a westerly 
direction, following the course of the river.* At Pierce City, Mo., 
another cause operates to make their arrival still later. Of all the 
stations in the Mississippi Valley, this is almost the only one where the 
influence of mountains is felt as a factor in the study of migration. The 
Ozark Mountains stretch to the south of Pierce City, forming a broad 
and high barrier to the northward progress of migrating birds.t In 
the case of some of the larger birds and those possessing great power 
of flight, the retardation due to the mountains is scarcely noticeable, 
but with the Warblers a marked effect is perceived. Pierce City is 
about 150 miles farther south than Saint Louis, and yet the average 
date of the arrival there of fourteen species of Warblers was eleven 
days later than at Saint Louis. The Chestnut-sided Warbler reached 
Mount Carmel, Mo., April 23, and Saint Louis, Mo., April 29, and 
it was recorded May 4 and 5 at Paris, IL, Chicago, Ill., Grinnell, 
Iowa; and Ripon, Wis. May 15 and 16 another wave of migration 
brought it to Waukon, Iowa, Lanesboro, Minn., Lake City, Minn., New 
Richmond, Wis., and Elk River, Minn. A single bird was seen at White 
Earth, Minn., May 17. The bulk was present at Saint Louis from May 
5 to May 12, and the last departed May 18. 
In the fall of 1885 the last was seen at Grinnell, Iowa, September 10. 
At Saint Louis, Mo., onlya single bird was noted during fall migration, 
and that was seen September 23. , 
660. Dendroica castanea (Wils.). [100.] Bay-breasted Warbler. 
Like the Chestnut-sided, this Warbler is an eastern species, which 
reaches only to the edge of the plains. It has been found in Nebraska, 
but is not yet known asa bird of Kansas. It winters south and breeds 
north of the United States, but is common in the Mississippi Valley in 
spring and fall, and a few are said to breed at Portage la Prairie, Man- 
itoba. Mr. Nehrling states that in southeastern Texas, near Houston, it is 
[* Moreover, the altitude of Mount Carmel is considerably greater than that of Saint 
Louis.—C. H. M.] ’ i ‘ 
[t Pierce City is in the midst of the Ozark Hills, at an elevation of nearly twelve 
hundred feet, while Saint Louis is little over 400 feet.—C. H. M.} 
