51 



genea & continua. Vascula seu Galericulae in Cellulariis statim considerandae, 

 subanalogae; has in Escharis bullas ovaria forte esse suspicionem injiciunt«. It 

 is very intelligible that the free, prominent, somewhat stalked ocecia in Bugula 

 and Bicellaria would make a different impression on an observer than the ocecia 

 in the incrusting forms. Also, they appear sometimes (in Bugula neritina and 

 Bicellaria ciliatd) not on the top of the zooecium but fixed to the one side. In 

 that case they correspond in their position as well as in their equipment with a 

 stalk-like portion with the » bird's head« avicularia in Bugula and Bicellaria, 

 and Pallas considers them therefore as organs of related nature. His above-quoted 

 view, in which he terms these different stalked formations as organs somewhat 

 related (subanalogae) to the ocecia in Eschara is further explained in another 

 place S where he suggests that they are of service in fertilisation (seminificationi). 

 On account of the resemblance to the gonothecae in the hydroid polyps he is 

 disposed to consider the gonozooecia in Crisia as ovaries^. »Ovariorum qvae in 

 Sertulariis videbimus similes vesiculas in sola C. (Crisia) eburnea & falcata obser- 

 vatores invenerunt. An aliis qvoqve speciebus contigerint incertum. Reperti vero 

 in C. neritina & avicularia Galericuli seu Calyculi singulares, in recenti stirpe 

 spontaneo motu praediti, singulisque cellulis adpositi, qvorum certus usus hucus- 

 qve nos latet, seminificationi in his speciebus destinata organa fortassis esse repe- 

 rientur*. It is evident from what he says further: ^Lateralis inspectio .. . docet, 

 bullulas istas esse galericulis s. nectariis caput aviculae referentibus, in C. avi- 

 cularia, analoga organa«^ that he considers the ocecia in Bugula neritina as or- 

 gans of a similar nature as the ^bird's head* avicularia. This view, that the 

 ocecia and the avicularia are related formations we find again in several later 

 writers, and with regard to the designation »Nectarium« which Pallas often uses 

 for the stalked ocecia and avicularia, we find an explanation in Ellis and 

 Solander's work. 



In this work, published by Ellis' daughter after the death of the writers ^ 

 it is said regarding Flustra: »The ovaries appear to be the pearl-like studs, 

 which we find at the tops of the cells«, and regarding ^Cellaria"-., »the ovaries 

 are uncertain, but most probably the little hemispherical covers, that appear 

 over the cells, do that office*. Ellis returns here again to the ocecia in Bug. 

 neritina: »In my observations on this genus I cannot pass over the singularity 

 of the Cellaria neritina, or Snail-bearing Coralline. The likeness to Nerits of its 

 rows of little round adhering bodies, which are open on one side, together with 

 their shell-like figure . . . inclined me to believe at first that they were the young 



91, p. 60. ■' 91, p. 68. " 13, pp. 11, 19—20, 29. 



4* 



