133 



On the other hand, probably M. cirrata, Lamx., M. gracilis. Busk, M. patagonica, 

 Busk, M. funiculata, Mac. G., M. triseriata. Busk, M. flabellum, L., M. ternata. 

 Ell. & Sol., must, on this account, be elsewhere located; and in fact, before 

 noting this distinction, it had been felt, that several species should be removed 

 from the genus*. » In another section, including ScrupoceZ/aria, the jointing consists 

 of nothing more than a partial breaking through or thinning of the walls of the 

 zooecia near the commencement of the branch. In the zooecia in which this 

 breaking through of the wall of the zooecial chamber has commenced, the polyp- 

 ide is seen unaffected, partly above and partly below this incipient division (see 

 PL I, figs. 11, 12).- In a subsequent work^ he calls the group of species to which 

 M. flabellum belongs by the temporary name Flabellaris. 



In all Bryozoa that occur in jointed colonies, the jointing takes place in the 

 same way, viz. the following. The zooecia, which are situated on the boundary 

 between the two joints and which we may call »joint-zooecia«, have a shorter or 

 longer, wider or narrower, uncalcifled, chitinized and accordingly flexible trans- 

 verse belt, which may sometimes be situated more distally, sometimes more 

 proximally, but which always divides a joint zooecium into a distal and a proxi- 

 mal part, each belonging to its own joint. Thus, what Waters in Menipea Buski 

 and other species calls a small chamber, is in reality only the proximal part of 

 a joint-zooecium, and its proximal boundary is just the distal wall between the 

 joint-zooecium and the zooecium on the proximal side of the latter. This arti- 

 culation may show an apparent, but in fact very insignificant difference, when the 

 colony is regarded from the frontal side, as the outer joint-zooecium in such 

 species as M. flabellum, M. cirrata, M. patagonica etc. commences with a chitinized 

 belt, while in such species as M. Buski, M. cervicornis and M. crystallina it begins 

 with a small calcified portion, the »chamber« mentioned by Waters. In this 

 however M. cyathus agrees with the species of the latter group, though as regards 

 structure and form of colony it is more closely allied to the former. As mentioned 

 before, the ooecia in a series of Menipea species are more or less deeply immersed 

 but as a rule distinctly prominent on the surface of the zooecia. Even apart 

 from the fact, that, by a division of the genus Menipea on the basis of this fea- 

 ture, we should be at a loss what to do with the species lacking ooecia, it is 

 evident, that such a division must seem rather unnatural, as M. cyathus, which 

 has hyperstomial ooecia by this proceeding would be separated from such species 

 as M. cervicornis, M. Buski and M. crystallina, to which it is undeniably closely 

 related. 



' 112, p. 672. 



