93 



undoiibtedly good quality. That the measures used for its dispen- 

 sation are correct, should likewise fall within the scope of the 

 examination. Aside of real adulterations, many other changes 

 occur which are of importance, and which are caused either by 

 sickness, inadequate food and treatment of the animals, but also 

 by the careless handling of the milk. 



For the detection of the first-mentioned causes, the health au- 

 thorities should confer with a veterinarian. 



The question arises here whether producers of an inferior arti- 

 cle should not be prevented from selling their milk, and should in- 

 stead be held to find another application for such milk. 



The interest of the public undoubtedly demands that we insist 

 upon such restriction, especially since our advanced knowledge 

 enables the farmer to remedy, by rational treatment, any abnormal- 

 ities thus discovered. If, therefore, any man has made it his business, 

 for the sake of its profitability, to supply milk, he should also be 

 held to bestow all necessary care upon the production of a good 

 article, in the same way as it is exacted from the producers of other 

 food. 



One of the best safeguards would be, if the dealers were strict- 

 ly held to sell their milk for what it is, whole milk, half skimmed, 

 and wholly skimmed milk, with gradation of prices accordingly, 

 and that not, as is generally done, they exact the same price, irre- 

 spective of quality. The sale of a milk at a higher price than 

 would correspond to its grade, should be considered a fraud. Ordi- 

 nances to this effect would prevent m.uch wrong-doing, many prose- 

 cutions, and also much unnecessary expense of time and inoney for 

 the entertainment of a large force of milk inspectors. 



Prof. Dr. I. Feser, of Munich, an authority in this branch, says : 

 " The farmer is compelled to remedy existing evils if he is cum- 

 " pelled to bring a normal article to market. But I desire to call 

 " attention to the fact, that it is equally desirable to prevent the 

 " sale of milk which is below a certain standard as good milk, even 

 " if it be simply the unadulterated product of single animals re- 

 " duced through insufficient and faulty feeding. The inspection 

 " is, therefore, not only instituted to prevent adulteration, but like- 

 " wise for the exclusion of an article of inferior value. Ordinances 

 " passed for the prevention of adulteration would be powerless, if 

 " it be lawful that milk may be adulterated before its production, 

 " in the body of the animal, by injudicious treatment and feeding." 



