4-6 Introduction to Botany. 



54. Make drawings, on a larger scale, of a terminal bud, 

 a lateral bud, and any structures related to them. What 

 is the relation as to position between the leaves and buds 

 of the twig ? 



55. Select one of the largest buds, and pick off the bud 

 scales carefully, so as not to injure them. Arrange them 

 in separate groups in the order in which they were removed, 

 each group being composed of the scales which encircle 

 the stem once in the successive spirals, or whorls. Draw 

 a typical scale from each of the groups. When the scales 

 are all removed, draw the inner structures which were pro- 

 tected by them (scale, x 5); first, as they stand in their 

 natural position on the stem, and second, when removed 

 and laid out for examination separately. If the parts are 

 folded together make a drawing to show the manner of 

 folding, and then spread one of them out and draw in the 

 expanded position. Use the lens for this work, and draw 

 in the details which can be seen with it. 



56. Make cross sections of a bud, beginning near the 

 apex and sectioning in successively lower planes until the 

 parts protected by the scales are seen to best advantage, 

 and then draw to the scale x 2.5. Identify the different 

 parts of the sections by the aid of the dissections already 

 made. 



57. Pay particular attention to the protection afforded 

 the tender inner parts of the bud by means of the scales 

 or other structures or devices. The inner parts need 

 protection against drying, sudden freezing and thawing, 

 attacks of parasites of various kinds, and mechanical in- 

 juries due to the beating of storms and abrasion from 

 other causes. In what ways are these different sources 

 of danger guarded against ? 



58. Make a median longitudinal section through one of 



