iS6 



Introduction to Botany. 



below. In the sepaline whorl the five triangular figures 

 are meant to indicate that in all probability five sepals 

 are represented in the circle of hairs, scales, awns, etc., 

 collectively termed pappus in these flowers. 



^ is a cross diagram of a flower with tubular corolla. 

 Diagram C is a type of either ligulate or tubular flower. 

 These diagrams are to be considered as types simply, which 

 the student can adapt to the flower in hand. 



The fact that the stamens are monadelphous or united 

 by their filaments into one group may be shown in cross 

 section by lines joinmg the anthers at 

 the middle of their contiguous faces, 

 as in B, Fig. 8i. Here also the radi- 

 ating lines from the backs of the 

 anthers indicate that the stamens are 

 united to the petals. The longitudinal 

 diagram A shows that the stamens are 

 inserted near the bases of the petals, 

 and that the anthers are borne at 

 (^^^^ different heights on the tube formed 



' '1sV®^ir< S by the union of the filaments. 



The type diagrams here given, to- 

 gether with those of Fig. 123, will serve 

 to show the student a concise method 

 of representing the various irregulari- 

 ties and unions of parts. 

 124. With colored pencils tint the calyx in the diagrams 

 green, corolla yellow, receptacle orange, ovary and style 

 blue, stigma purple, anther red, and ovules red. The 

 anthers and ovules are widely enough separated not to be 

 confused by having the same color. By giving them the 

 same color it is meant to signify that they both contain 

 essential organs for reproduction, namely, the anthers con- 



FlG. 81. 



A, longitudinal, and B, 

 cross diagram of a mal- 

 low flower. 



