424 Introduction to Botany. 



Spur : a hollow extension of some part of a flower, usually for the purpose of 

 conserving the nectar. 



Squa'tna (L. squama, a scale) : a scale of any kind. 



Squa'mula : a reduced scale. 



Squar'rose, pr. skwor'ros or skwor-ros' (L. squarrosus, rough, scurfy) : hay- 

 ing spreading and projecting processes. 



Squar'rulose : diminutively squarrose. 



Sta'men (Gr. stemon, a thread) : the male spore-bearing leaf of Spermato- 

 phytes, consisting of anther and filament. Figs. 87 and 288-297. 



Stam'inal : relating to or consisting of stamens. 



Stam'inate : usually applied to flowers having stamens but no pistils. 



Stamino'dium {stamen + Gt.eidos, resemblance) : a sterile or abortive stamen 

 or its homologue, in which the anther is wanting or undeveloped. Fig. 277. 



Stand'ard : the upper dilated petal of a papilionaceous flower. Fig. 266, s. 



Stel'late (L. stella, a star) : star-shaped. 



Ster'ile (L. sterilis, barren, unfruitful) : applied to a flower without a pistil, 

 or to a stamen wanting an anther. 



Stig'tna (Gr. stigma, a point) : that part of the pistil which is adapted to 

 receive and hold the pollen and permit the penetration of the pollen 

 tube. Fig. 87, h. Stigmat'ic: pertaining to a stigma. 



Stipe (L. stipes, stalk or trunk) : the leafstalk of a fern; the stalk at the base 

 of some pistils, lifting them above the insertion of the other floral organs; 

 the stem which bears the cap or pileus of toadstools and their kind. 



Stip'itate : having a stipe. 



Stip'ular (L. stipula, stem or stubble) : pertaining to a stipule. 



Stip'ulate : having stipules. 



Stip'ule (L. stipula, stem or stubble) : one of two similar appendages fre- 

 quently occurring on either side of the insertion of a leaf on the stem. 

 Fig. 262, c. 



Sto'lon (I^. stolo, a sucker or shoot springing from the base of a plant) : any 

 basal shoot which is disposed to lie prostrate or bend downward and 

 strike root. Fig. 211. 



Stolonif'erous (L. stolo +ferre, to bear) : producing stolons. 



Stoma, pi. sto'mata (Gr. stoma, a mouth) : an orifice in the epidermis of 

 leaves and some other plant members, bounded by two guard cells, which 

 usually have the power to draw apart or close together as the interchange 

 of gases or the reduction of transpiration through the orifice may be de- 

 manded. Figs. 35 and 40. 



Stone-fruit : a fruit with a central stone, as in the peach and plum. Fig. 332. 



Striate (L. stri», a furrow) : marked with fine longitudinal grooves and 

 ridges. 



